וַיָּ֨שֶׂם בֶּאֱדֹ֜ום נְצִבִ֗ים בְּכָל־אֱדֹום֙ שָׂ֣ם נְצִבִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י כָל־אֱדֹ֖ום עֲבָדִ֣ים לְדָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֤ושַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃
And he put governors in Edom; in all Edom he placed governors, and all Edom became servants to Dawid. And YHWH gave victory to Dawid wherever he went.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֨שֶׂם (vayyāsem) – Root: שׂים (sīm); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And he put”; Notes: Standard narrative form indicating completed past action.
- בֶּאֱדֹ֜ום (be-ʾEdom) – Root: אֱדֹום (ʾEdom); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom”; Notes: Refers to the southern neighbor of Yisraʾel.
- נְצִבִ֗ים (netsiḇim) – Root: נצב (n-ts-b); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “governors” or “stationed officials”; Notes: Refers to appointed officials.
- בְּכָל־אֱדֹום֙ (be-kol-ʾEdom) – Root: כל (kol), אֱדֹום (ʾEdom); Form: Preposition + construct phrase; Translation: “in all Edom”; Notes: Emphasizes total control over the land.
- שָׂ֣ם (sām) – Root: שׂים (sīm); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he placed”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- נְצִבִ֔ים (netsiḇim) – Root: נצב; Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “governors”; Notes: Reinforces administration over Edom.
- וַיְהִ֥י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and it came to be / and became”; Notes: Marks result of previous actions.
- כָל־אֱדֹ֖ום (kol-ʾEdom) – Root: כל, אֱדֹום; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “all Edom”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- עֲבָדִ֣ים (ʿavadim) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “servants”; Notes: Denotes subjugation and vassalage.
- לְדָוִ֑ד (le-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Dawid”; Notes: Shows to whom the Edomites became subject.
- וַיֹּ֤ושַׁע (vayyōshaʿ) – Root: ישׁע (y-sh-ʿ); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he gave victory / saved”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s deliverance.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the previous verb.
- אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד (et-Dawid) – Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Object of YHWH’s saving action.
- בְּכֹ֖ל (be-kol) – Root: כל; Form: Preposition + noun, construct; Translation: “in all”; Notes: Begins final temporal clause.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- הָלָֽךְ (halakh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he went”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s journeys and campaigns.