וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעֹולֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
And your vineyard you shall not strip bare, and the fallen fruit of your vineyard you shall not gather; for the poor and the sojourner you shall leave them. I am YHWH your God.
Morphology
- וְכַרְמְךָ֙ (ve-karm’cha) – Root: כרם (k-r-m); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And your vineyard”; Notes: Refers to the owner’s vineyard.
- לֹ֣א תְעֹולֵ֔ל (lo te’olel) – Root: עולל (ʿ-w-l-l); Form: Negative particle + Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not strip bare”; Notes: Prohibits complete gleaning of the vineyard.
- וּפֶ֥רֶט (u-feret) – Root: פרט (p-r-t); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And the fallen fruit”; Notes: Refers to the grapes that have fallen to the ground.
- כַּרְמְךָ֖ (karm’cha) – Root: כרם (k-r-m); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Of your vineyard”; Notes: Specifies the vineyard.
- לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט (lo telakket) – Root: לקט (l-q-t); Form: Negative particle + Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not gather”; Notes: Prohibits collecting all fallen grapes.
- לֶֽעָנִ֤י (le-ani) – Root: עני (ʿ-n-y); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “For the poor”; Notes: Specifies the intended recipients of the leftover grapes.
- וְלַגֵּר֙ (ve-la-ger) – Root: גר (g-r); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And for the sojourner”; Notes: Includes the resident alien as a beneficiary.
- תַּעֲזֹ֣ב (ta’azov) – Root: עזב (ʿ-z-v); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall leave”; Notes: Commands leaving the gleanings for the poor and sojourner.
- אֹתָ֔ם (otam) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Them”; Notes: Refers to the gleanings of the vineyard.
- אֲנִ֖י (ani) – Root: אנ (ʾ-n); Form: Pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Identifies YHWH as the speaker.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The name of God.
- אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם (Eloheichem) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Refers to God as the deity of the Israelites.