עַ֣ד חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֙ מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְזָרָ֑א יַ֗עַן כִּֽי־מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם וַתִּבְכּ֤וּ לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה יָצָ֥אנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
Until a month of days, until it comes out of your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you, because you have rejected YHWH who is among you and have wept before Him, saying, ‘Why did we come out of Mitsrayim?’”
Morphology
- עַ֣ד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Until”; Notes: Indicates the extent of duration.
- חֹ֣דֶשׁ (ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥ-d-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Month”; Notes: Refers to a period of 30 days.
- יָמִ֗ים (yamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “Days”; Notes: Indicates the duration of the punishment.
- עַ֤ד (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Until”; Notes: Marks the progression toward the next clause.
- אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֙ (ʾasher-yetse) – Root: יצא (y-ts-ʾ); Form: Relative pronoun + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Until it comes out”; Notes: Indicates a condition of abundance.
- מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם (me-ʾapekhem) – Root: אף (ʾ-p); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “From your nostrils”; Notes: Conveys the overwhelming nature of the event.
- וְהָיָ֥ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it will become”; Notes: Indicates transformation.
- לָכֶ֖ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Specifies the recipients.
- לְזָרָ֑א (le-zara) – Root: זרה (z-r-ʾ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Loathsome”; Notes: Expresses disgust.
- יַ֗עַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען (y-ʿ-n); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Because”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- כִּֽי־מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם (ki-meʾastem) – Root: מאס (m-ʾ-s); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Because you have rejected”; Notes: Highlights the cause of punishment.
- אֶת־יְהוָה֙ (et-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (Y-H-W-H); Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “The LORD”; Notes: Refers to the divine name.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: Relative pronoun; Form: Particle; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Links to the LORD’s presence.
- בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם (be-qirbikhem) – Root: קרב (q-r-b); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person plural suffix; Translation: “Among you”; Notes: Emphasizes God’s closeness.
- וַתִּבְכּ֤וּ (va-tivku) – Root: בכה (b-k-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you wept”; Notes: Describes their complaint.
- לְפָנָיו֙ (le-fanav) – Root: פנים (p-n-y); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Before Him”; Notes: Indicates their direct appeal.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Introduces their statement.
- לָ֥מָּה (lammah) – Root: מה (m-h); Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Expresses discontent.
- זֶּ֖ה (zeh) – Root: זה (z-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “This”; Notes: Refers to the situation.
- יָצָ֥אנוּ (yatsanu) – Root: יצא (y-ts-ʾ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “We came out”; Notes: Refers to the exodus.
- מִמִּצְרָֽיִם (mi-Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (m-ts-r-y-m); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “From Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.