Genesis 7:19

והמים גברו מאד מאד על הארץ ויכסו כל ההרים הגבהים אשר תחת כל השמים׃

Gen 7:19 [Samaritan]
והמים גברו מאד מאד על הארץ ויכסו כל ההרים הגבהים אשר תחת כל השמים׃

Gen 7:19 [Masoretic]
וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְכֻסּוּ כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

Gen 7:19 [Targum Onkelos]
וּמַיָא תְּקִיפוּ לַחְדָא לַחְדָא עַל אַרְעָא וְאִיתְחֲפִיאוּ כָּל טוּרַיָא רָמַיָא דִתְחוֹת כָּל שְׁמַיָא׃

Gen 7:19 [Peshitta]
ܘܡ̈ܝܐ ܥܫܢܘ ܛܒ ܛܒ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ܂ ܘܐܬܟܣܝܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܡܐ ܕܬܚܝܬ ܟܠ ܫܡܝܐ܀

Gen 7:19 [Septuagint]
Τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ ἐπεκράτει σφόδρα σφόδρα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκάλυψεν πάντα τὰ ὄρη τὰ ὑψηλά, ἃ ἦν ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.
Now the water was prevailing very vehemently on the earth and it covered all the high mountains, which were under the heaven.

Gen 7:19 [Vulgate]
et aquae praevaluerunt nimis super terram opertique sunt omnes montes excelsi sub universo caelo

וְהַמַּ֗יִם גָּ֥בְר֛וּ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹ֖ד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

The waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth, and all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered.

Morphology

1. וְהַמַּ֗יִם (wĕhammayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun, plural masculine with definite article ה; Translation: “And the waters”; Notes: Continuation of the narrative about the floodwaters.
2. גָּ֥בְר֛וּ (gāḇrû) – Root: גבר (g-b-r); Form: Qal perfect, third masculine plural; Translation: “prevailed”; Notes: Refers to the overwhelming dominance of the waters.
3. מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹ֖ד (mĕʾōḏ mĕʾōḏ) – Root: מאד (m-ʾ-d); Form: Adverb, repeated for emphasis; Translation: “exceedingly, exceedingly”; Notes: Indicates the extreme extent of the waters’ dominance.
4. עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ (ʿal-hāʾāreṣ) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition עַל + noun, singular feminine with definite article ה; Translation: “upon the earth”; Notes: Specifies the location where the waters prevailed.
5. וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ (wayĕḵussû) – Root: כסה (k-s-h); Form: Pual imperfect, third masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they were covered”; Notes: Indicates the complete submergence of the mountains.
6. כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ (kol-hehārim) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, plural masculine with definite article ה; Translation: “all the mountains”; Notes: Refers to the entirety of the high landforms.
7. הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים (haggĕḇōhîm) – Root: גבה (g-b-h); Form: Adjective, plural masculine with definite article ה; Translation: “the high”; Notes: Describes the specific mountains being referenced.
8. אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת (ʾăšer-taḥaṯ) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר + preposition תַּחַת; Translation: “that are under”; Notes: Introduces the clause specifying the location of the mountains.
9. כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם (kol-haššāmayim) – Root: שמים (š-m-y-m); Form: Noun, plural masculine with definite article ה; Translation: “all the heavens”; Notes: Denotes the entirety of the sky or atmosphere.