וְקֹ֣ול הָמֹון֮ שָׁלֵ֣ו בָהּ֒ וְאֶל־אֲנָשִׁים֙ מֵרֹ֣ב אָדָ֔ם מוּבָאִ֥ים סובאים מִמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַֽיִּתְּנ֤וּ צְמִידִים֙ אֶל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ן וַעֲטֶ֥רֶת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶֽן׃
And the sound of a multitude at ease was in her, and to the men of the multitude of mankind were brought drunkards from the wilderness, and they placed bracelets on their hands and a crown of beauty on their heads.
Morphology
- וְקֹול (ve-qōl) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the sound”; Notes: Refers to the noise or commotion of the multitude.
- הָמֹון (hāmōn) – Root: הום (hum); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “multitude”; Notes: Indicates a noisy throng, often chaotic.
- שָׁלֵו (shalēv) – Root: שלו (shalav); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “at ease”; Notes: Conveys complacency, careless tranquility.
- בָהּ (bah) – Root: הוא (huʾ); Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in her”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to the woman (Jerusalem/Samaria).
- וְאֶל־ (ve-ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and to”; Notes: Marks direction toward.
- אֲנָשִׁים (ʾanashim) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾenosh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “men”; Notes: Denotes male participants in the revelry.
- מֵרֹב (me-rōv) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from the multitude”; Notes: Indicates a large gathering.
- אָדָם (ʾadam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “mankind”; Notes: Used generically for humanity, emphasizing numbers.
- מוּבָאִים (muvāʾim) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hophal participle masculine plural; Translation: “were brought”; Notes: Passive, describing arrival of outsiders.
- סובאים (sōvʾim) – Root: סבא (savaʾ); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “drunkards”; Notes: Indicates those intoxicated, revelers.
- מִמִּדְבָּר (mi-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the wilderness”; Notes: Suggests outsiders from barren regions.
- וַיִּתְּנוּ (va-yittnū) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “and they placed”; Notes: Action of bestowing ornaments.
- צְמִידִים (tsemidim) – Root: צמד (tsamad); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “bracelets”; Notes: Items of luxury and adornment.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “on / upon”; Notes: Marks direction toward the object.
- יְדֵיהֶן (yedehen) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their hands”; Notes: Refers to the women as recipients of ornaments.
- וַעֲטֶרֶת (va-ʿăteret) – Root: עטר (ʿatar); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a crown”; Notes: Symbol of honor and beauty.
- תִּפְאֶרֶת (tifʾeret) – Root: פאר (paʾar); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “of beauty”; Notes: Genitive construction, quality of the crown.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “on / upon”; Notes: Indicates position on the head.
- רָאשֵׁיהֶן (raʾshehen) – Root: ראשׁ (roʾsh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their heads”; Notes: Crown placed on the women’s heads as a sign of adornment.