וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֡וּל כִּֽי־רָאִיתִי֩ כִֽי־נָפַ֨ץ הָעָ֜ם מֵעָלַ֗י וְאַתָּה֙ לֹא־בָ֨אתָ֙ לְמֹועֵ֣ד הַיָּמִ֔ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נֶאֱסָפִ֥ים מִכְמָֽשׂ׃
And Shemuʾel said, “What have you done?” And Shaʾul said, “Because I saw that the people were scattering from me, and you did not come at the appointed time of the days, and the Pelishtim were gathering at Mikhmash.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Standard biblical narrative verb.
- שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל (Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Shemuʾel”; Notes: Refers to the prophet.
- מֶ֣ה (meh) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “What”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- עָשִׂ֑יתָ (ʿasita) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “have you done”; Notes: Denotes completed action.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Repetition for direct speech.
- שָׁא֡וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to King Shaʾul.
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Because”; Notes: Introduces explanation.
- רָאִיתִי֩ (raʾiti) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I saw”; Notes: Denotes perception.
- כִֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause.
- נָפַ֨ץ (nafats) – Root: נפץ (nafats); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was scattering”; Notes: Expresses movement of dispersal.
- הָעָ֜ם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
- מֵעָלַ֗י (me-ʿalai) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “from me”; Notes: Indicates separation.
- וְאַתָּה֙ (ve-ʾattah) – Root: אתה (ʾattah); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Emphasizing the subject.
- לֹא־בָ֨אתָ֙ (lo-bata) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “did not come”; Notes: Negated past action.
- לְמֹועֵ֣ד (le-moʿed) – Root: מועד (moʿed); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “at the appointed time”; Notes: Fixed or determined time.
- הַיָּמִ֔ים (ha-yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “of the days”; Notes: Specifies the appointed time period.
- וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (u-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשתי (Pelishti); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “and the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.
- נֶאֱסָפִ֥ים (neʾesafim) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Nifal participle masculine plural; Translation: “were gathering”; Notes: Passive/reflexive voice.
- מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ (Mikhmash) – Root: מכמש (Mikhmash); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Mikhmash”; Notes: A geographic location.