בִּשְׁנַת֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וְאַחַ֜ת שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֤ךְ עָמְרִי֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה בְּתִרְצָ֖ה מָלַ֥ךְ שֵׁשׁ־שָׁנִֽים׃
In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Yehuda, ʿOmri reigned over Yisraʾel twelve years; in Tirtsa he reigned six years.
Morphology
- בִּשְׁנַת֩ (bishnat) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition + construct noun, feminine singular; Translation: “In the year of”; Notes: Introduces regnal dating.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים וְאַחַ֜ת (sheloshim ve-aḥat) – Root: שלוש (shalosh), אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Cardinal numbers; Translation: “thirty-one”; Notes: Typical Hebrew compound numeral.
- שָׁנָ֗ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Absolute noun, feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Part of the regnal formula.
- לְאָסָא֙ (le-ʾAsa) – Root: אסא (ʾAsa); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of Asa”; Notes: Refers to king of Yehudah.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Title of Asa.
- יְהוּדָ֔ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom.
- מָלַ֤ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he reigned”; Notes: Refers to ʿOmri’s rule.
- עָמְרִי֙ (ʿOmri) – Root: עמרי (ʿOmri); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿOmri”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel following civil division.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על (ʿal), ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Denotes his kingship over the northern kingdom.
- שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה (shteim esreh) – Root: שׁתים (shtayim), עשר (eser); Form: Feminine numeral construct chain; Translation: “twelve”; Notes: Describes total length of reign.
- שָׁנָ֑ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes duration expression.
- בְּתִרְצָ֖ה (be-Tirtsah) – Root: תרצה (Tirtsah); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Tirtsah”; Notes: Original capital of the northern kingdom.
- מָלַ֥ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “he reigned”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis on location-specific reign.
- שֵׁשׁ־שָׁנִֽים (shesh-shanim) – Root: שׁשׁ (shesh), שׁנה (shanah); Form: Cardinal number + plural noun; Translation: “six years”; Notes: Specifies duration of his reign in Tirtsah.