וְאַחְאָ֣ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ אַחְאָ֨ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃
And Aḥʾav son of ʿOmri reigned over Yisraʾel in the thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Yehuda, and Aḥʾav son of ʿOmri reigned over Yisraʾel in Shomeron twenty-two years.
Morphology
- וְאַחְאָ֣ב (ve-Aḥʾav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥʾav); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Aḥʾav”; Notes: Refers to the son and successor of ʿOmri.
- בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י (ben-ʿOmri) – Root: בן (ben), עמרי (ʿOmri); Form: Construct chain; Translation: “son of ʿOmri”; Notes: Identifies Aḥʾav’s lineage.
- מָלַךְ֙ (malakh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Standard verb for beginning of reign.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: על (ʿal), ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- בִּשְׁנַ֨ת (bishnat) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition + construct noun, feminine singular; Translation: “in the year of”; Notes: Formula for dating reigns.
- שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ (sheloshim u-shemoneh) – Root: שלושים (sheloshim), שמונה (shemoneh); Form: Cardinal numbers; Translation: “thirty-eight”; Notes: Ordinal dating of Asa’s reign.
- שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Absolute noun, feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Completes date formula.
- לְאָסָ֖א (le-ʾAsa) – Root: אסא (ʾAsa); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of Asa”; Notes: King of Yehudah during Aḥʾav’s accession.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Title of Asa.
- יְהוּדָ֑ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom.
- וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ (va-yimlokh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he reigned”; Notes: Repetition emphasizing beginning of reign.
- אַחְאָ֨ב (Aḥʾav) – Root: אחאב (Aḥʾav); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aḥʾav”; Notes: Repetition for clarity.
- בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י (ben-ʿOmri) – Root: בן (ben), עמרי (ʿOmri); Form: Construct chain; Translation: “son of ʿOmri”; Notes: Repeated identification.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Political authority reference.
- בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון (be-Shomeron) – Root: שׁמרון (Shomeron); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Shomeron”; Notes: Capital of the northern kingdom.
- עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם (esrim u-shetayim) – Root: עשרים (esrim), שׁתים (shtayim); Form: Cardinal numbers; Translation: “twenty-two”; Notes: Duration of reign.
- שָׁנָֽה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Total length of Aḥʾav’s kingship.