בִּשְׁנַ֨ת עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְשָׁלֹשׁ֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְיֹואָ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה מָ֠לַךְ יְהֹואָחָ֨ז בֶּן־יֵה֤וּא עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון שְׁבַ֥ע עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה׃
In the twenty-third year of Yoʾash son of Aḥazyahu king of Yehudah, Yehōʾaḥaz son of Yehu reigned over Yisraʾel in Shomeron seventeen years.
Morphology
- בִּשְׁנַת (bishnat) – Root: שׁנה (sh-n-h); Form: Preposition + construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “In the year of”; Notes: Temporal phrase indicating regnal year.
- עֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלֹשׁ (esrim ve-shalosh) – Form: Cardinal numbers; Translation: “twenty-three”; Notes: Modifies “year.”
- שָׁנָה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (sh-n-h); Form: Absolute noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Follows the numeral in apposition.
- לְיֹואָשׁ (le-Yoʾash) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of Yoʾash”; Notes: Marks whose regnal year is referenced.
- בֶּן־אֲחַזְיָהוּ (ben-Aḥazyahu) – Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Aḥazyahu”; Notes: Genealogical identification of Yoʾash.
- מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה (melekh Yehudah) – Root: מלך (m-l-k); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Yehudah”; Notes: Defines Yoʾash’s reign.
- מָלַךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (m-l-k); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Marks the beginning of Yehōʾaḥaz’s reign.
- יְהֹואָחָז (Yehōʾaḥaz) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehōʾaḥaz”; Notes: New king of Yisraʾel.
- בֶּן־יֵהוּא (ben-Yehu) – Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Yehu”; Notes: Identifies his royal lineage.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: His kingdom.
- בְּשֹׁמְרֹון (be-Shomron) – Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Shomron”; Notes: Capital city of the northern kingdom.
- שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה (shevaʿ esreh) – Form: Cardinal number; Translation: “seventeen”; Notes: Duration of Yehōʾaḥaz’s reign.
- שָׁנָה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (sh-n-h); Form: Absolute noun feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Follows the number phrase.