וַיְקַטְּרוּ־שָׁם֙ בְּכָל־בָּמֹ֔ות כַּגֹּויִ֕ם אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ דְּבָרִ֣ים רָעִ֔ים לְהַכְעִ֖יס אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃
And they burned incense there on all the high places like the nations whom YHWH had exiled from before them, and they did evil things to provoke YHWH to anger.
Morphology
- וַיְקַטְּרוּ (va-yeqaṭṭeru) – Root: קטר (qaṭar); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they burned incense”; Notes: Ritual act associated with worship, here directed improperly.
- שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to the locations mentioned previously (high places).
- בְּכָל־בָּמֹות (be-khol-bamot) – Root: במה (bamah); Form: Preposition + construct phrase with plural noun; Translation: “on all the high places”; Notes: Locations of idolatrous worship.
- כַּגֹּויִם (ka-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition כְּ + definite plural noun; Translation: “like the nations”; Notes: Indicates imitation of pagan practices.
- אֲשֶׁר־הֶגְלָה (ʾasher-hegla) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “whom He had exiled”; Notes: Refers to previous divine judgment upon the Gentile nations.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “exiled.”
- מִפְּנֵיהֶם (mi-peneihem) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition מִן + construct noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from before them”; Notes: Refers to the nations previously driven out before Yisraʾel.
- וַיַּעֲשׂוּ (va-yaʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did”; Notes: Refers to general behavior or actions.
- דְּבָרִים (devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “things” or “deeds”; Notes: The content of their evil actions.
- רָעִים (raʿim) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “evil”; Notes: Morally corrupt or offensive to YHWH.
- לְהַכְעִיס (le-hakhʿis) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hiphil infinitive construct; Translation: “to provoke”; Notes: Intentional provocation or insult against YHWH.
- אֶת־יְהוָה (et-YHWH) – Root: את (ʾet) + יהוה (YHWH); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Direct object of “to provoke.”