עַ֣ד הַיֹּ֤ום הַזֶּה֙ הֵ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים כַּמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים אֵינָ֤ם יְרֵאִים֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְאֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֗ים כְּחֻקֹּתָם֙ וּכְמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם וְכַתֹּורָ֣ה וְכַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם שְׁמֹ֖ו יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Until this day they do according to the former judgments; they do not fear YHWH, and they do not do according to their statutes and according to their judgments and according to the Torah and according to the commandment which YHWH commanded the sons of Yaʿaqov, whom He named Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Indicates duration continuing to the present moment.
- הַיֹּום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to “this day,” as modified by the demonstrative.
- הַזֶּה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes the current day.
- הֵם (hem) – Root: הם; Form: Independent pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Subject of the verb “do.”
- עֹשִׂים (ʿosim) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “doing”; Notes: Ongoing habitual action.
- כַּמִּשְׁפָּטִים (ka-mishpaṭim) – Root: שפט; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “according to the judgments”; Notes: Refers to earlier legal customs.
- הָרִאשֹׁנִים (ha-rishonim) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Adjective masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the former”; Notes: Qualifies the preceding noun “judgments.”
- אֵינָם (einam) – Root: אין; Form: Negative existential particle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “they are not”; Notes: Introduces negation of being or action.
- יְרֵאִים (yereʾim) – Root: ירא; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “fearing”; Notes: Indicates a continual attitude or disposition.
- אֶת־יְהוָה (et-YHWH) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker + divine proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The object of “fearing.”
- וְאֵינָם (ve-einam) – Root: אין; Form: Conjunction + negative existential particle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and they are not”; Notes: Continues previous clause with negation.
- עֹשִׂים (ʿosim) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “doing”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- כְּחֻקֹּתָם (ke-ḥuqqotam) – Root: חקק; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “according to their statutes”; Notes: Refers to prescribed customs or decrees.
- וּכְמִשְׁפָּטָם (u-ke-mishpaṭam) – Root: שפט; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and according to their judgment”; Notes: Legal precedent or standard.
- וְכַתֹּורָה (ve-ka-torah) – Root: ירה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and according to the Torah”; Notes: Refers to instruction or divine law.
- וְכַמִּצְוָה (ve-ka-mitsvah) – Root: צוה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and according to the commandment”; Notes: Specific divine injunction.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- צִוָּה (tsiwwah) – Root: צוה; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He commanded”; Notes: Emphasizes authoritative instruction.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- אֶת־בְּנֵי (et-bene) – Root: בן; Form: Direct object marker + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “the sons of”; Notes: Introduces the object of the command.
- יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: עקב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch Jacob.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Refers back to Yaʿaqov.
- שָׂם (sam) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he put”; Notes: Indicates designation or naming.
- שְׁמֹו (shemu) – Root: שם; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his name”; Notes: Refers to the new name given to Yaʿaqov.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The God-given name of Yaʿaqov signifying “one who strives with God.”