כֵּ֤ן יַזֶּה֙ גֹּויִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עָלָ֛יו יִקְפְּצ֥וּ מְלָכִ֖ים פִּיהֶ֑ם כִּ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־סֻפַּ֤ר לָהֶם֙ רָא֔וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ הִתְבֹּונָֽנוּ׃
So shall he sprinkle many nations; kings shall shut their mouths because of him. For that which had not been told them they have seen, and that which they had not heard they have considered.
Morphology
- כֵּ֤ן (ken) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “So”; Notes: Introduces the result corresponding to the previous verse.
- יַזֶּה (yazzeh) – Root: נזה (nazah); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall sprinkle”; Notes: Ritual term often used of sprinkling blood or water; metaphor for purifying or influencing.
- גֹּויִ֣ם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Represents the Gentiles or peoples of the world.
- רַבִּ֔ים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Describes the vast number of nations affected.
- עָלָ֛יו (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “because of him” / “over him”; Notes: The subject of kings’ reaction.
- יִקְפְּצ֥וּ (yiqpetzu) – Root: קפץ (qafats); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall shut”; Notes: Used of shutting the mouth in astonishment or reverence.
- מְלָכִ֖ים (melakhim) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “kings”; Notes: Earthly rulers stunned by the servant’s exaltation.
- פִּיהֶ֑ם (pihem) – Root: פה (peh); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their mouths”; Notes: Indicates silence or awe.
- כִּ֠י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the kings’ silence.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- לֹֽא־סֻפַּ֤ר (lo-suppar) – Root: ספר (safar); Form: Negative particle + Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was not told”; Notes: Passive voice indicating they had not heard the message.
- לָהֶם֙ (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Dative of indirect object.
- רָא֔וּ (raʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they saw”; Notes: A surprising visual revelation.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר (va-ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction + relative pronoun; Translation: “and that which”; Notes: Continues the second relative clause.
- לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ (lo-shamʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they had not heard”; Notes: Emphasizes the prior ignorance of the message.
- הִתְבֹּונָֽנוּ (hitbonanu) – Root: בין (bin); Form: Hitpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they considered” / “they understood”; Notes: Reflective and meditative verb; they finally comprehend what was hidden.