יַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ הַתֹּעֵבֹ֣ות הָאֵ֔לֶּה הֵרַ֕ע מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּחֲטִ֥א גַֽם־אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּגִלּוּלָֽיו׃ פ
Because Menashshe king of Yehuda has done these abominations, he did more evil than all that the Emori did who were before him, and he also caused Yehuda to sin with his idols.
Morphology
- יַעַן֩ (yaʿan) – Root: יען (yaʿan); Form: Causal conjunction; Translation: “Because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for impending judgment.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that” / “because”; Notes: Connects to the following clause of guilt.
- עָשָׂ֜ה (ʿasah) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has done”; Notes: Refers to past idolatrous deeds.
- מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה (Menashsheh) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Menashsheh”; Notes: King of Yehudah and chief agent of the sin.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֙ (melekh-Yehudah) – Root: מלך + יהודה; Form: Construct chain of two masculine singular nouns; Translation: “king of Yehudah”; Notes: His royal role amplifies his responsibility.
- הַתֹּעֵבֹ֣ות (ha-toʿevot) – Root: תועבה (toʿevah); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “the abominations”; Notes: Refers to detestable idolatrous acts.
- הָאֵ֔לֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Masculine/feminine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies the deeds already mentioned.
- הֵרַ֕ע (heraʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he did more evil”; Notes: Comparative to previous nations.
- מִכֹּ֛ל (mi-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “than all”; Notes: Used for superlative comparison.
- אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ (ʾasher-ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “that they did”; Notes: Refers to the Amorites.
- הָאֱמֹרִ֖י (ha-Emori) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Definite masculine singular; Translation: “the Amorite”; Notes: Canaanite people notorious for idolatry.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the clause identifying temporal precedence.
- לְפָנָ֑יו (lefanav) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition + plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “before him”; Notes: Chronological reference to previous generations.
- וַיַּחֲטִ֥א (va-yakhati) – Root: חטא (ḥata); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he caused to sin”; Notes: Indicates culpability in leading others astray.
- גַֽם־אֶת־יְהוּדָ֖ה (gam-et-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Adverb + direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “also Yehudah”; Notes: Emphasizes shared guilt and influence.
- בְּגִלּוּלָֽיו (be-gillulav) – Root: גלל (galal); Form: Preposition + plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with his idols”; Notes: Contemptuous term for abominable idols, often meaning “dung-things.”