לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִי֙ מֵבִ֣יא רָעָ֔ה עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ כָּל־שֶׂמעיו תִּצַּ֖לְנָה שְׁתֵּ֥י אָזְנָֽיו׃
Therefore thus says YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel: Behold, I am bringing evil upon Yerushalayim and Yehuda, such that whoever hears of it, both his ears shall tingle.
Morphology
- לָכֵ֗ן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverbial conjunction; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of preceding actions.
- כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר (koh-amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Demonstrative adverb + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus says”; Notes: Common prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker and source of the proclamation.
- אֱלֹהֵ֣י (Elohei) – Root: אלהים (ʾelohim); Form: Construct plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Construct form showing possession.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Identifies YHWH as the national God of Yisraʾel.
- הִנְנִי֙ (hineni) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Interjection with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphatic introduction of divine action.
- מֵבִ֣יא (mevi) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “am bringing”; Notes: Indicates imminent and deliberate action.
- רָעָ֔ה (raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “evil” / “calamity”; Notes: Refers to judgment or disaster.
- עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם (ʿal-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “upon Yerushalayim”; Notes: Target of divine punishment.
- וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה (vi-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Yehudah”; Notes: The southern kingdom, included in judgment.
- אֲשֶׁ֙ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “such that” / “which”; Notes: Introduces the effect of the disaster.
- כָּל־שֶׁמעיו (kol-shemaʿav) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Noun masculine plural with construct and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “everyone who hears of it”; Notes: The experience of hearing the report of the judgment.
- תִּצַּ֖לְנָה (titsalnah) – Root: צלל (tsalal); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “shall tingle”; Notes: Expresses horror or dread from hearing.
- שְׁתֵּ֥י אָזְנָֽיו (shtei oznav) – Root: אזן (ozen); Form: Dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his two ears”; Notes: Emphasizes the intensity of the judgment’s effect.