וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמֹ֞ות אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמֹושׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מֹואָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תֹּועֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמֹּ֑ון טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
And the high places that were before Yerushalayim, which were to the right of the Mount of Destruction, which Shelomo king of Yisraʾel had built for ʿAshtoret, the abomination of the Tsidonim, and for Kemosh, the abomination of Moʾav, and for Milkōm, the abomination of the children of ʿAmmon—these the king defiled.
Morphology
- וְאֶת־הַבָּמֹ֞ות (ve-et ha-bamot) – Root: במה; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + definite plural noun; Translation: “and the high places”; Notes: Refers to cultic worship sites built on elevated ground.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם (asher ʿal-penei Yerushalayim) – Root: על, פנה; Form: Relative pronoun + prepositional phrase; Translation: “that were before Yerushalayim”; Notes: Describes geographic position facing the city.
- אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית (asher mi-yamin le-har ha-mashḥit) – Root: ימן, שׁחת; Form: Relative clause + prepositional phrase + construct noun; Translation: “which were to the right of the Mount of Destruction”; Notes: Traditional site east of the city associated with idolatrous practices.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל (asher banah Shelomoh melekh-Yisraʾel) – Root: בנה; Form: Relative clause + perfect verb + proper nouns; Translation: “which Shelomoh king of Yisraʾel had built”; Notes: Historical reference to Solomon’s syncretistic constructions.
- לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת (le-ʿAshtoret) – Root: עשתרת; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for ʿAshtoret”; Notes: Canaanite fertility goddess.
- שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים (shiqquts Tsidonim) – Root: שׁקץ; Form: Noun construct phrase; Translation: “the abomination of the Tsidonim”; Notes: Indicates detestable idol in YHWH’s eyes.
- וְלִכְמֹושׁ֙ (ve-li-Kemosh) – Root: כמש; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and for Kemosh”; Notes: National god of Moʾav.
- שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מֹואָ֔ב (shiqquts Moʾav) – Root: שׁקץ; Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “the abomination of Moʾav”; Notes: Used pejoratively to describe idolatrous deities.
- וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם (u-le-Milkōm) – Root: מלכם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and for Milkōm”; Notes: Deity associated with ʿAmmonite worship, possibly same as Molekh.
- תֹּועֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמֹּ֑ון (toʿavat bene-ʿAmmon) – Root: תועבה, בן; Form: Construct noun + construct phrase; Translation: “the abomination of the children of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Denotes religious perversion.
- טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ (timme ha-melekh) – Root: טמא; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + definite noun; Translation: “the king defiled”; Notes: Refers to Yoshiyahu’s act of desecration and reform.