וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֨הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתֹוכֹ֔ו וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בֹּ֑ו וַיְקַ֛ו לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃
And he fenced it, and cleared it of stones, and planted it with choice vine, and built a tower in its midst, and also hewed out a winepress in it. Then he hoped it would yield grapes, but it yielded wild grapes.
Morphology
- וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ (va-yezzeqehu) – Root: עזק (ʿazaq); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And he fenced it”; Notes: Intensive action of fencing or enclosing a vineyard for protection.
- וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ (va-yesaqelehu) – Root: סקל (saqal); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and he cleared it of stones”; Notes: Refers to the preparation of the land for cultivation.
- וַיִּטָּעֵ֨הוּ (va-yittaʿehu) – Root: נטע (nataʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (passive-reflexive in form) 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and he planted it”; Notes: Direct action of planting the vineyard.
- שֹׂרֵק (soreq) – Root: שׂרק (s-r-q); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “choice vine”; Notes: Refers to a select, cultivated grape variety.
- וַיִּבֶן (va-yiven) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he built”; Notes: Constructs an element of infrastructure in the vineyard.
- מִגְדָּל (migdal) – Root: מגדל (migdal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a tower”; Notes: Defensive or observation structure in a vineyard.
- בְּתוֹכוֹ (be-tokho) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in its midst”; Notes: Emphasizes central placement within the vineyard.
- וְגַם (ve-gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Conjunction and adverb; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Adds another significant action.
- יֶקֶב (yeqev) – Root: יקב (yeqev); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “winepress”; Notes: Structure for pressing grapes to extract juice.
- חָצֵב (ḥatsEv) – Root: חצב (ḥatsav); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “hewed”; Notes: Indicates labor-intensive effort to carve the winepress out of rock.
- בֹּו (bo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers back to the vineyard.
- וַיְקַו (va-yeqav) – Root: קוה (qavah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he hoped”; Notes: Expresses expectation or anticipation of a good outcome.
- לַעֲשׂוֹת (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to produce”; Notes: The expected result of cultivating the vineyard.
- עֲנָבִים (ʿanavim) – Root: ענב (ʿanav); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “grapes”; Notes: Desired fruit from the vineyard.
- וַיַּעַשׂ (va-yaʿas) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “but it produced”; Notes: Outcome contrasting with expectation.
- בְּאֻשִׁים (beʾushim) – Root: באשׁ (baʾash); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “wild grapes”; Notes: Represents sour or worthless fruit, a metaphor for corruption or failure.