Isaiah 5:1

אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דֹּודִ֖י לְכַרְמֹ֑ו כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִֽידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃

Let me sing now for my beloved a song of my beloved about his vineyard: My beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill.

Morphology

1. אָשִׁ֤ירָה (ʾashirah) – Root: שׁיר (shir); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person singular with paragogic ה; Translation: “Let me sing”; Notes: Expresses volition or desire to act, here introducing a poetic oracle.
2. נָּא (na) – Root: נא (na); Form: Particle of entreaty; Translation: “now” or “please”; Notes: Softens or intensifies the cohortative verb form.
3. לִֽידִידִי (li-yedidi) – Root: ידד (y-d-d); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “for my beloved”; Notes: Refers to a close or intimate associate, often allegorical for YHWH.
4. שִׁירַ֥ת (shirat) – Root: שׁיר (shir); Form: Construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “a song of”; Notes: Introduces a construct phrase linking the song to its subject.
5. דֹּודִ֖י (dodi) – Root: דוד (dod); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “my beloved”; Notes: Common term of affection, possibly metaphorical for YHWH or the prophet’s subject.
6. לְכַרְמֹ֑ו (le-karmo) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “about his vineyard”; Notes: The subject of the parable or song.
7. כֶּ֛רֶם (kerem) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a vineyard”; Notes: Starts a new clause describing the object of the song.
8. הָיָ֥ה (hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Introduces a past state or situation.
9. לִֽידִידִ֖י (li-yedidi) – Root: ידד (y-d-d); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “for my beloved”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis and poetic parallelism.
10. בְּקֶ֥רֶן (be-qeren) – Root: קרן (qeren); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “on a horn [hill]”; Notes: “Horn” can refer metaphorically to a hill or mountain projection.
11. בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן (ben-shamen) – Root: בן (ben), שׁמן (shamen); Form: Construct noun masculine singular + noun masculine singular; Translation: “a son of fatness” or “a very fertile”; Notes: Idiomatic expression referring to exceptional fertility, productive land.