Isaiah 13:4

קֹ֥ול הָמֹ֛ון בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב קֹ֠ול שְׁאֹ֞ון מַמְלְכֹ֤ות גֹּויִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃

The sound of a tumult on the mountains, as of a great people; the sound of an uproar of kingdoms, nations gathered together! YHWH of hosts is mustering the host for battle.

Morphology

1. קֹול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sound”; Notes: A general term for noise or voice, often used to set a dramatic or prophetic scene.
2. הָמֹון (hamon) – Root: המה (hamah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “tumult” or “uproar”; Notes: Refers to the noise of a crowd or army.
3. בֶּהָרִים (be-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural definite; Translation: “on the mountains”; Notes: Mountains often serve as the stage for divine or military action.
4. דְּמ֣וּת (demut) – Root: דמה (damah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “as of” or “resembling”; Notes: Indicates a comparison or likeness.
5. עַם־רָב (ʿam rav) – Root: עם + רב; Form: Construct noun + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “a great people”; Notes: Refers to a large multitude or nation.
6. קֹול (qol) – Root: קול; Form: Repetition of noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sound”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis to the gathering noise.
7. שְׁאֹון (sheʾon) – Root: שׁאן (shaʾan); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “uproar” or “roar”; Notes: Used for noise of battle or chaos.
8. מַמְלְכֹות (mamlekhot) – Root: מלך (malak); Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “kingdoms of”; Notes: Refers to multiple political entities or powers.
9. גֹּויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Commonly refers to gentile nations or foreign peoples.
10. נֶאֱסָפִים (neʾesafim) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Nifal participle masculine plural; Translation: “being gathered”; Notes: Passive participle expressing mass assembly.
11. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The subject of the final clause, acting as commander.
12. צְבָאוֹת (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Plural noun construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military title of YHWH, indicating command over heavenly and earthly armies.
13. מְפַקֵּד (mefaqqed) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “is mustering”; Notes: Refers to organizing or assembling troops.
14. צְבָא (tseva) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “host” or “army”; Notes: Refers to the assembled force for battle.
15. מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “battle”; Notes: The military context of the divine gathering.