וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֧י יְמָאֲנ֛וּ לָקַֽחַת־הַכֹּ֥וס מִיָּדְךָ֖ לִשְׁתֹּ֑ות וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות שָׁתֹ֥ו תִשְׁתּֽוּ׃
And it shall be, when they refuse to take the goblet from your hand to drink, then you shall say to them, ‘Thus said YHWH of armies: “Drinking you shall drink.
Morphology
- וְהָיָ֗ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a conditional or future scenario.
- כִּ֧י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “when” or “if”; Notes: Conditional clause marker.
- יְמָאֲנ֛וּ (yemaʾanu) – Root: מאן (maʾan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they refuse”; Notes: Expresses ongoing or future refusal.
- לָקַֽחַת־ (laqakhat) – Root: לקח (laqakh); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “to take”; Notes: Follows verb of refusal or desire.
- הַכֹּ֥וס (ha-kos) – Root: כוס (kos); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the goblet”; Notes: Symbol of judgment or wrath.
- מִיָּדְךָ֖ (mi-yadekha) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition מִן + noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from your hand”; Notes: Denotes agency or source of offering.
- לִשְׁתֹּ֑ות (lishdot) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to drink”; Notes: Purpose of taking the goblet.
- וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ (ve-amarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “then you shall say”; Notes: Continuation of the conditional clause.
- אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם (aleihem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the people refusing the goblet.
- כֹּ֥ה (koh) – Root: Demonstrative particle; Form: Adverbial phrase; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces direct speech from YHWH.
- אָמַ֛ר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Standard form for divine speech formula.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of Israel’s God.
- צְבָאֹ֖ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Plural noun in construct; Translation: “of armies”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s sovereignty and command of heavenly or earthly hosts.
- שָׁתֹ֥ו (shato) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “drinking”; Notes: Used for emphasis, paired with an imperfect for strong command.
- תִשְׁתּֽוּ (tishtu) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall drink”; Notes: Reinforced by preceding infinitive absolute to indicate inevitability.