וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי שָׂרֶ֨יהָ וַחֲכָמֶ֜יהָ פַּחֹותֶ֤יהָ וּסְגָנֶ֨יהָ֙ וְגִבֹּורֶ֔יהָ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עֹולָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות שְׁמֹֽו׃ ס
And I will make drunk her princes and her wise men, her governors and her deputies and her warriors, and they shall sleep an eternal sleep and not awake, declares the King, YHWH of Hosts is His name.
Morphology
- וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּי (ve-hishkarti) – Root: שׁכר (shakar); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person singular with conjunction; Translation: “and I will make drunk”; Notes: YHWH as agent causing intoxication unto destruction.
- שָׂרֶיהָ (sareha) – Root: שר (sar); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her princes”; Notes: Refers to Babylon’s high officials.
- וַחֲכָמֶיהָ (va-ḥakameha) – Root: חכם (ḥakam); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix + conjunction; Translation: “and her wise men”; Notes: Babylon’s sages or counselors.
- פַּחֹותֶיהָ (paḥoteha) – Root: פחה (paḥah); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her governors”; Notes: Provincial rulers in Babylonian administration.
- וּסְגָנֶיהָ (u-seganeha) – Root: סגן (sagan); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix + conjunction; Translation: “and her deputies”; Notes: Subordinate officials or prefects.
- וְגִבּוֹרֶיהָ (ve-gibboreha) – Root: גבר (gavar); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix + conjunction; Translation: “and her warriors”; Notes: Refers to her mighty men of battle.
- וְיָשְׁנוּ (ve-yashnu) – Root: ישׁן (yashan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they shall sleep”; Notes: Euphemism for death.
- שְׁנַת (shenat) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “sleep of”; Notes: Introduces the type of sleep, deathlike in permanence.
- עוֹלָם (ʿolam) – Root: עלם (ʿalam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “eternity / forever”; Notes: Defines the sleep as eternal and unending.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle with conjunction; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יָקִיצוּ (yaqitsu) – Root: קיץ (quts); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they will awake”; Notes: Denies the possibility of waking from death.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance of”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the King”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the supreme ruler.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal God of Israel.
- צְבָאוֹת (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military title, ruler over heavenly armies.
- שְׁמוֹ (shemu) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His name”; Notes: Concludes with the affirmation of YHWH’s identity.