יָשֻׁ֨בוּ֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בְצִלֹּ֔ו יְחַיּ֥וּ דָגָ֖ן וְיִפְרְח֣וּ כַגָּ֑פֶן זִכְרֹ֖ו כְּיֵ֥ין לְבָנֹֽון׃ ס
Those who dwell in his shade shall return; they shall revive like grain and blossom like the vine; his remembrance shall be like the wine of Levanon.
Morphology
- יָשֻׁבוּ (yashuvu) – Root: שׁוּב (shuv); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall return”; Notes: Refers to restoration and repentance—those who once strayed will come back under YHWH’s protection.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) – Root: יָשַׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those who dwell”; Notes: Describes people habitually dwelling in safety, highlighting stability and permanence under divine shelter.
- בְצִלּוֹ (be-tsillo) – Root: צֵל (tsel); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3ms; Translation: “in his shade”; Notes: A metaphor for divine protection and comfort—God’s presence provides refuge and life-giving refreshment.
- יְחַיּוּ (yeḥayyu) – Root: חָיָה (ḥayah); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall revive” or “they shall flourish”; Notes: The intensive Piel form emphasizes abundance of life, spiritual and physical renewal through divine blessing.
- דָגָן (dagan) – Root: דָּגָן (dagan); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “grain”; Notes: Symbolizes agricultural prosperity and divine provision—revival expressed in sustenance and plenty.
- וְיִפְרְחוּ (ve-yifreḥu) – Root: פָּרַח (paraḥ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall blossom”; Notes: Continues the imagery of vitality and growth, describing a community renewed like a thriving vineyard.
- כַּגָּפֶן (ka-gafen) – Root: גֶּפֶן (gefen); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like the vine”; Notes: The vine represents fruitfulness, joy, and covenant blessing—Israel’s restored life will overflow with spiritual and communal abundance.
- זִכְרוֹ (zikro) – Root: זָכַר (zakhar); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “his remembrance” or “his name”; Notes: Implies enduring reputation or memorial—Israel’s renewed faithfulness will cause his name to be remembered with delight.
- כְּיֵין (ke-yayin) – Root: יַיִן (yayin); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the wine”; Notes: Wine symbolizes joy, abundance, and celebration—Israel’s remembrance will evoke pleasure and richness, like fine aged wine.
- לְבָנֹון (Levanon) – Root: לְבָנֹון (Levanon); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Lebanon”; Notes: The famed land of fragrant forests and fertile mountains—Lebanon’s wine imagery emphasizes richness, purity, and enduring delight.