כִּֽי־שָׂנֵ֣א שַׁלַּ֗ח אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל־לְבוּשֹׁ֔ו אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֑ות וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּרוּחֲכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תִבְגֹּֽדוּ׃ ס
“For he hates sending away,” says YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel, “and he covers violence upon his garment,” says YHWH of Hosts. “And you shall guard yourselves in your spirit, and you shall not deal treacherously.”
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason or declaration.
- שָׂנֵא (saneʾ) – Root: שׂנא (saneʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he hates”; Notes: Expresses strong aversion.
- שַׁלַּח (shallaḥ) – Root: שׁלח (shalaḥ); Form: Piel infinitive absolute; Translation: “sending away”; Notes: Refers to divorce or dismissal.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he says”; Notes: Introduces prophetic declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- אֱלֹהֵי (Elohei) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “God of”; Notes: In construct with the following proper noun.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Name of the covenant people.
- וְכִסָּה (ve-kissah) – Root: כסה (kasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he covers”; Notes: Intensive action of covering.
- חָמָס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס (ḥamas); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “violence”; Notes: Moral wrongdoing or injustice.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates location or covering over.
- לְבוּשֹׁו (levusho) – Root: לבשׁ (lavash); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his garment”; Notes: Symbol of outward conduct.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he says”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis of divine speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- צְבָאֹות (Tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun masculine plural in construct; Translation: “Hosts”; Notes: Title expressing sovereign authority.
- וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם (ve-nishmartem) – Root: שׁמר (shamar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall guard yourselves”; Notes: Reflexive sense in Nifal stem.
- בְּרוּחֲכֶם (be-ruḥakhem) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “in your spirit”; Notes: Inner disposition.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces prohibition.
- תִבְגֹּדוּ (tivgodu) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall deal treacherously”; Notes: Expresses covenant unfaithfulness.