יִגְמָר־נָ֬א רַ֨ע רְשָׁעִים֮ וּתְכֹונֵ֪ן צַ֫דִּ֥יק וּבֹחֵ֣ן לִ֭בֹּ֗ות וּכְלָיֹ֗ות אֱלֹהִ֥ים צַדִּֽיק׃
May the evil of wicked ones come to an end, and may you establish the righteous; and the one examining hearts and kidneys is a righteous God.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | יִגְמָר | yigmar | “may it come to an end” | Qal yiqtol 3ms (jussive sense) |
| 2 | נָא | na | “please / now” | Particle of entreaty |
| 3 | רַע | raʿ | “evil” | Noun ms construct |
| 4 | רְשָׁעִים | reshaʿim | “wicked ones” | Noun mp absolute |
| 5 | וּתְכֹונֵן | u-tekonen | “and may you establish” | Conj וְ + Polel yiqtol 2ms (jussive sense) |
| 6 | צַדִּיק | tsaddiq | “the righteous” | Adjective/Noun ms |
| 7 | וּבֹחֵן | u-voḥen | “and examining” | Conj וְ + Qal participle ms |
| 8 | לִבֹּות | libbot | “hearts” | Noun mp |
| 9 | וּכְלָיֹות | u-kelayot | “and kidneys” | Conj וְ + Noun fp |
| 10 | אֱלֹהִים | Elohim | “God” | Noun mp (singular sense) |
| 11 | צַדִּיק | tsaddiq | “righteous” | Adjective ms |
Morphology
- יִגְמָר (yigmar) – Root: גמר (gamar); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect (yiqtol) 3rd person masculine singular used with jussive sense; Translation: “May it come to an end”; Notes: Expresses a wish that the evil actions of the wicked would cease.
- נָא (na) – Root: Particle; Root Type: N/A; Form: Particle of entreaty; Translation: “please / now”; Notes: Adds a tone of appeal or urgency to the request.
- רַע (raʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “evil of”; Notes: Forms a construct chain with the following noun.
- רְשָׁעִים (reshaʿim) – Root: רשע (rashaʿ); Root Type: I-Guttural (ר sometimes behaves strong); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “wicked ones”; Notes: Completes the construct phrase “evil of wicked ones.”
- וּתְכֹונֵן (u-tekonen) – Root: כון (kun); Root Type: Hollow; Binyan: Polel; Form: Conjunction וְ + imperfect (yiqtol) 2nd person masculine singular used with jussive sense; Translation: “and may you establish”; Notes: Addressed to God asking Him to firmly establish the righteous.
- צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק (tsdq); Root Type: Strong; Form: Adjective masculine singular used substantively; Translation: “the righteous”; Notes: Refers to the righteous person whom God supports.
- וּבֹחֵן (u-voḥen) – Root: בחן (baḥan); Root Type: Strong with guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + active participle masculine singular; Translation: “and examining”; Notes: Describes God as the one who continually tests inner character.
- לִבֹּות (libbot) – Root: לבב (levav); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “hearts”; Notes: In Hebrew anthropology the heart represents inner thought and intention.
- וּכְלָיֹות (u-kelayot) – Root: כליה (kilyah); Root Type: III-He (weak); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine plural absolute; Translation: “and kidneys”; Notes: The kidneys symbolize the deepest emotions and conscience.
- אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (ʾelah); Root Type: I-Aleph (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural used with singular meaning; Translation: “God”; Notes: A plural form functioning as a singular title for the God of Yisraʾel.
- צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק (tsdq); Root Type: Strong; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “righteous”; Notes: Describes the just nature of God who judges the inner being.