Psalm 45:17 (Psalm 45:16)

תַּ֣חַת אֲבֹתֶיךָ יִהְי֣וּ בָנֶיךָ תְּשִׁיתֵ֥מֹו לְשָׂרִים בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ׃

Instead of your fathers shall be your sons, you will set them as princes in all the earth.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 תַּחַת taḥat “instead of” Prep
2 אֲבֹתֶיךָ ʾavotekha “Your fathers” N(mp) + suff 2ms
3 יִהְיוּ yihyu “they shall be” Qal imperfect 3mp
4 בָנֶיךָ vanekha “Your sons” N(mp) + suff 2ms
5 תְּשִׁיתֵמֹו teshitemo “You will set them” Qal imperfect 2ms + suff 3mp
6 לְשָׂרִים le-sarim “as princes” Prep לְ + N(mp)
7 בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ be-khol-ha-ʾarets “in all the earth” Prep בְּ + N(ms) + Def. art.

 

Morphology

  1. תַּחַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition; Translation: “instead of”; Notes: Indicates substitution or succession. While תַּחַת can mean “underneath” physically, in this genealogical context, it refers to succession. It implies a transition of generations: the glory of the past (ancestors) is being replaced by the potential of the future (descendants).
  2. אֲבֹתֶיךָ (ʾavotekha) – Root: אב (ʾ-b); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Your fathers”; Notes: Refers to previous generations or ancestors.
  3. יִהְיוּ (yihyu) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Indicates future state or transformation. The Hebrew verb יִהְי֣וּ (yihyu) is an imperfect form. In biblical Hebrew, this often functions as a jussive or a promise, not just a simple future statement, but a declaration of what is to happen by divine or royal decree.
  4. בָנֶיךָ (vanekha) – Root: בן (b-n); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Your sons”; Notes: Represents the next generation.
  5. תְּשִׁיתֵמֹו (teshitemo) – Root: שׁית (sh-y-t); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “You will set them”; Notes: Indicates appointment or establishment. The word תְּשִׁיתֵ֥מֹו (teshitemo) contains an archaic poetic suffix (-mo). The translation “set them” correctly identifies that the “sons” are the object being appointed to office.
  6. לְשָׂרִים (le-sarim) – Root: שׂרר (ś-r-r); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “as princes”; Notes: Denotes positions of authority.
  7. בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ (be-khol-ha-ʾarets) – Root: כל (k-l) + ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Root Type: Strong + I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct (state: construct) + definite article הַ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in all the earth”; Notes: Expresses universal scope.

 

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