אָ֘מַ֤ר נָבָ֣ל בְּ֭לִבֹּו אֵ֣ין אֱלֹהִ֑ים הִֽ֝שְׁחִ֗יתוּ וְהִֽתְעִ֥יבוּ עָ֝֗וֶל אֵ֣ין עֹֽשֵׂה־טֹֽוב׃
The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God.” They have corrupted, and they have made abominable injustice; there is none doing good.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אָמַר | ʾamar | “he said” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 2 | נָבָל | naval | “fool” | N(ms) |
| 3 | בְּלִבֹּו | be-libbo | “in his heart” | Prep בְּ + N(ms) + suff 3ms |
| 4 | אֵין | ʾein | “there is not” | Negative existential particle |
| 5 | אֱלֹהִים | ʾElohim | “God” | N(mp) |
| 6 | הִשְׁחִיתוּ | hishḥitu | “they have corrupted” | Hiphil perfect 3mp |
| 7 | וְהִתְעִיבוּ | ve-hitʿivu | “and they have made abominable” | Conj וְ + Hiphil perfect 3mp |
| 8 | עָוֶל | ʿavel | “injustice” | N(ms) |
| 9 | אֵין | ʾein | “there is none” | Negative existential particle |
| 10 | עֹשֵׂה־ | ʿoseh | “doing” | Qal participle ms |
| 11 | טֹוב | tov | “good” | Adj(ms) |
Morphology
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he said”; Notes: Introduces the inner declaration of the fool.
- נָבָל (naval) – Root: נבל (n-b-l); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “fool”; Notes: Denotes moral perversity rather than mere intellectual deficiency.
- בְּלִבֹּו (be-libbo) – Root: לב (l-b); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “in his heart”; Notes: Indicates inner thought or conviction.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is not”; Notes: Denies the existence of God in the fool’s perspective.
- אֱלֹהִים (ʾElohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Noun masculine plural (used as singular for God); Translation: “God”; Notes: Refers to the true God despite plural morphology.
- הִשְׁחִיתוּ (hishḥitu) – Root: שׁחת (š-ḥ-t); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have corrupted”; Notes: Indicates causing corruption or ruin.
- וְהִתְעִיבוּ (ve-hitʿivu) – Root: תעב (t-ʿ-b); Root Type: II-Guttural; Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Conjunction וְ + perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they have made abominable”; Notes: Expresses causing something to be detestable.
- עָוֶל (ʿavel) – Root: עול (ʿ-w-l); Root Type: II-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “injustice”; Notes: The object of the abominable actions.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Negative existential particle; Translation: “there is none”; Notes: Emphasizes universal absence.
- עֹשֵׂה־ (ʿoseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-ś-h); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Qal; Form: Participle masculine singular (state: construct); Translation: “doing”; Notes: Functions as a substantive participle.
- טֹוב (tov) – Root: טוב (ṭ-w-b); Root Type: Hollow; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “good”; Notes: Completes the phrase “doing good,” which is denied.