Deuteronomy 20:6

וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֥ע כֶּ֨רֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א חִלְּלֹ֔ו יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵיתֹ֑ו פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃

And who is the man who has planted a vineyard and has not profaned it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle and another man profane it.

Morphology

1. וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ (u-mi-ha-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Interrogative with noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And who is the man”; Notes: Introduces the second category of exemption.
2. אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Links the clause to the previous question.
3. נָטַ֥ע (nata) – Root: נטע (nata); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has planted”; Notes: Refers to planting a vineyard.
4. כֶּ֨רֶם֙ (kerem) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a vineyard”; Notes: Indicates a cultivated field of grapevines.
5. וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle with conjunction; Translation: “and has not”; Notes: Negates the following action.
6. חִלְּלֹ֔ו (chillelo) – Root: חלל (chalal); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “profaned it”; Notes: Refers to partaking of the vineyard’s produce as required.
7. יֵלֵ֖ךְ (yelekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Let him go”; Notes: Command for the individual to depart.
8. וְיָשֹׁ֣ב (ve-yashov) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and return”; Notes: Indicates going back home.
9. לְבֵיתֹ֑ו (le-veito) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his house”; Notes: Specifies the place of return.
10. פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ (pen-yamut) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “lest he die”; Notes: Expresses the potential danger in battle.
11. בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה (ba-milchamah) – Root: לחם (lacham); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the battle”; Notes: Refers to the conflict or war.
12. וְאִ֥ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and another man”; Notes: Indicates someone else potentially taking over.
13. אַחֵ֖ר (acher) – Root: אחר (acher); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “another”; Notes: Refers to a different individual.
14. יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃ (yechallelenu) – Root: חלל (chalal); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “shall profane it”; Notes: Refers to another person dedicating the vineyard’s produce.