וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֵרַ֤שׂ אִשָּׁה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְקָחָ֔הּ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵיתֹ֑ו פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃
And who is the man who has betrothed a woman and has not taken her? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle and another man take her.
Morphology
- וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ (u-mi-ha-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Interrogative with noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And who is the man”; Notes: Introduces a question for exemption.
- אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Links the clause to the subject.
- אֵרַ֤שׂ (erash) – Root: ארש (arash); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has betrothed”; Notes: Refers to a formal engagement or promise to marry.
- אִשָּׁה֙ (ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a woman”; Notes: Refers to the betrothed individual.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle with conjunction; Translation: “and has not”; Notes: Negates the action that follows.
- לְקָחָ֔הּ (lekakhah) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “taken her”; Notes: Refers to the act of marriage.
- יֵלֵ֖ךְ (yelekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Let him go”; Notes: Command for the individual to depart.
- וְיָשֹׁ֣ב (ve-yashov) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and return”; Notes: Indicates going back home.
- לְבֵיתֹ֑ו (le-veito) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his house”; Notes: Specifies the place of return.
- פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ (pen-yamut) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “lest he die”; Notes: Expresses the potential danger in battle.
- בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה (ba-milchamah) – Root: לחם (lacham); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the battle”; Notes: Refers to the conflict or war.
- וְאִ֥ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and another man”; Notes: Indicates someone else potentially taking over.
- אַחֵ֖ר (acher) – Root: אחר (acher); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “another”; Notes: Refers to a different individual.
- יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃ (yiqqachennah) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “shall take her”; Notes: Refers to another man marrying her.