כִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִישׁ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה לֹ֤א יֵצֵא֙ בַּצָּבָ֔א וְלֹא־יַעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֖יו לְכָל־דָּבָ֑ר נָקִ֞י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵיתֹו֙ שָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְשִׂמַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתֹּ֥ו אֲשֶׁר־לָקָֽח׃ ס
When a man takes a new wife, he shall not go out to war, nor shall he be charged with any duty; he shall be free for his house for one year, and he shall make his wife happy whom he has taken.
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “When”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- יִקַּ֥ח (yiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “takes”; Notes: Refers to marriage.
- אִישׁ֙ (ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- אִשָּׁ֣ה (ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a wife”; Notes: Refers to the woman being married.
- חֲדָשָׁ֔ה (ḥadashah) – Root: חדש (ḥadash); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “new”; Notes: Specifies that she is newly married.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “he shall not”; Notes: Expresses prohibition.
- יֵצֵא֙ (yetze) – Root: יצא (yatsa); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “go out”; Notes: Refers to leaving for war.
- בַּצָּבָ֔א (ba-tsava) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “to war”; Notes: Military context.
- וְלֹא־ (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle with conjunction; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Additional prohibition.
- יַעֲבֹ֥ר (yaʿavor) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall he be charged”; Notes: Indicates exemption.
- עָלָ֖יו (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with suffix; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: Specifies the subject.
- לְכָל־דָּבָ֑ר (le-khol davar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “with any duty”; Notes: Specifies exemption.
- נָקִ֞י (naqi) – Root: נקי (naqiy); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “free”; Notes: Expresses lack of obligation.
- יִהְיֶ֤ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Indicates state.
- לְבֵיתֹו֙ (le-veito) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition and suffix; Translation: “for his house”; Notes: Specifies location.
- שָׁנָ֣ה (shanah) – Root: שנה (shanah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a year”; Notes: Specifies duration.
- אֶחָ֔ת (eḥat) – Root: אחד (eḥad); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Specifies singular duration.
- וְשִׂמַּ֖ח (ve-simmaḥ) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall make happy”; Notes: Expresses responsibility.
- אֶת־אִשְׁתֹּ֥ו (et-ishto) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with suffix; Translation: “his wife”; Notes: Direct object.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces description.
- לָקָֽח׃ (laqah) – Root: לקח (laqah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has taken”; Notes: Refers to marriage.