וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹן֮ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃
And Moshe and Aharon came to Parʿo and said to him, “Thus says YHWH, the God of the Hebrews, ‘Until when will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Send My people, and they will serve Me.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹ֨א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And came”; Notes: Indicates motion toward a destination.
- מֹשֶׁ֣ה (Moshe) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper Noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Refers to Moses.
- וְאַהֲרֹן֮ (və-Aharon) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + Proper Noun; Translation: “And Aharon”; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
- אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ (ʾel-Parʿo) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Proper Noun; Translation: “To Parʿo”; Notes: Addressed to Pharaoh of Egypt.
- וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ (vayyomeru) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they said”; Notes: Indicates a statement or speech.
- אֵלָ֗יו (ʾelav) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “To him”; Notes: Refers to Parʿo.
- כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר (koh-amar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Particle + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Thus says”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper Noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֱלֹהֵ֣י (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, mp construct; Translation: “The God of”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים (ha-ʿivrim) – Root: עבר (ʿ-v-r); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “The Hebrews”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel.
- עַד־מָתַ֣י (ʿad-matai) – Root: מת (m-t); Form: Preposition + Interrogative Pronoun; Translation: “Until when”; Notes: Poses a rhetorical question.
- מֵאַ֔נְתָּ (meʾanta) – Root: מאן (m-ʾ-n); Form: Verb, Piel, Perfect, 2ms; Translation: “You refuse”; Notes: Conveys deliberate resistance.
- לֵעָנֹ֖ת (leʿanot) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Verb, Niphal, Infinitive Construct; Translation: “To humble yourself”; Notes: Refers to submission before YHWH.
- מִפָּנָ֑י (mippanai) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, mp with 1cs suffix; Translation: “Before Me”; Notes: Indicates direct opposition to YHWH.
- שַׁלַּ֥ח (shallah) – Root: שלח (sh-l-h); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Send”; Notes: A command to release the Israelites.
- עַמִּ֖י (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, ms with 1cs suffix; Translation: “My people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites as YHWH’s people.
- וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי (ve-yaʿavduni) – Root: עבד (ʿ-v-d); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp with vav conjunctive and 1cs suffix; Translation: “And they will serve Me”; Notes: Indicates worship and service to YHWH.