וּבַיֹּ֤ום הָרִאשֹׁון֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ וּבַיֹּום֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם אַ֚ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֣ל לְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ ה֥וּא לְבַדֹּ֖ו יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃
On the first day there shall be a holy assembly, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy assembly for you. No work shall be done on them, except what is eaten by every soul; that alone may be prepared for you.
Morphology
- וּבַיֹּ֤ום (uvayyom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And on the day”; Notes: Refers to specific days of the feast.
- הָרִאשֹׁון֙ (harishon) – Root: ראש (r-ʾ-sh); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The first”; Notes: Refers to the first day of the feast.
- מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ (mikra-kodesh) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ) + קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A holy assembly”; Notes: Indicates a sacred gathering.
- וּבַיֹּום֙ (uvayyom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And on the day”; Notes: Refers to the seventh day of the feast.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י (hashviʿi) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Refers to the final day of the feast.
- יִהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall be”; Notes: Refers to the designation of the day as holy.
- לָכֶ֑ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates that the holy assembly is for the Israelites.
- כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ (kol-melakhah) – Root: מלא (m-l-ʾ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “Any work”; Notes: Refers to labor or activities prohibited on these days.
- לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה (lo-yeʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall not be done”; Notes: Prohibits labor on the designated days.
- בָהֶ֔ם (vahem) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “On them”; Notes: Refers to the first and seventh days.
- אַ֚ךְ (ʾakh) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Except”; Notes: Introduces the exception to the prohibition.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “What”; Notes: Refers to the allowable work.
- יֵאָכֵ֣ל (yeʾakhel) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “May be eaten”; Notes: Refers to food preparation.
- לְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ (lekol-nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “For every soul”; Notes: Refers to individuals.
- ה֥וּא (hu) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “That alone”; Notes: Refers to the limited allowance for food preparation.
- לְבַדֹּ֖ו (levaddo) – Root: בדד (b-d-d); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “By itself”; Notes: Emphasizes exclusivity.
- יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה (yeʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “May be done”; Notes: Refers to permissible work for food preparation.
- לָכֶֽם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates that this exception applies to the Israelites.