וְכָל־פֶּ֤טֶר חֲמֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתֹּ֑ו וְכֹ֨ל בְּכֹ֥ור אָדָ֛ם בְּבָנֶ֖יךָ תִּפְדֶּֽה׃
And every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. And every firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem.
Morphology
- וְכָל־פֶּ֤טֶר (vekol-peter) – Root: פתר (p-t-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “And every firstborn”; Notes: Refers to the first offspring.
- חֲמֹר֙ (ḥamor) – Root: חמר (ḥ-m-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Donkey”; Notes: Specifies the animal type.
- תִּפְדֶּ֣ה (tifdeh) – Root: פדה (p-d-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall redeem”; Notes: Indicates the act of substitution or redemption.
- בְשֶׂ֔ה (beseh) – Root: שה (s-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “With a lamb”; Notes: Specifies the substitute for the donkey.
- וְאִם־לֹ֥א (veʾim-lo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + Conditional particle + Negative particle; Translation: “And if not”; Notes: Introduces the alternative action.
- תִפְדֶּ֖ה (tifdeh) – Root: פדה (p-d-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You redeem”; Notes: Repeats the action for clarity.
- וַעֲרַפְתֹּ֑ו (vaʿarafto) – Root: ערף (ʿ-r-p); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2ms + 3ms suffix; Translation: “Then you shall break its neck”; Notes: Refers to the consequence of not redeeming the donkey.
- וְכֹ֨ל (vekol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “And every”; Notes: Indicates inclusivity.
- בְּכֹ֥ור (bekhor) – Root: בכר (b-kh-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Firstborn”; Notes: Refers to human firstborns.
- אָדָ֛ם (adam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Of man”; Notes: Refers to human beings.
- בְּבָנֶ֖יךָ (bebanekha) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Among your sons”; Notes: Specifies the human firstborns to be redeemed.
- תִּפְדֶּֽה׃ (tifdeh) – Root: פדה (p-d-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall redeem”; Notes: Indicates the obligation to redeem human firstborns.