וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר־יֹ֣ום בְּיֹומֹ֔ו לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתֹורָתִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃
Then YHWH said to Moshe, “Behold, I will rain down bread from heaven for you. The people shall go out and gather a day’s portion every day, that I may test them whether they will walk in My law or not.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “Then He said”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s speech.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the LORD.
- אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה (el-Moshe) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “To Moshe”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of YHWH’s message.
- הִנְנִ֨י (hineni) – Root: הנה (h-n-h); Form: Interjection + Pronoun, 1cs; Translation: “Behold, I am”; Notes: Expresses readiness or attention.
- מַמְטִ֥יר (mamtir) – Root: מטר (m-t-r); Form: Verb, Hiphil, Participle, ms; Translation: “I will rain”; Notes: Indicates the action YHWH will perform.
- לָכֶ֛ם (lachem) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Pronoun, 2mp; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Directs the action towards the people.
- לֶ֖חֶם (lechem) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Bread”; Notes: The sustenance provided by YHWH.
- מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם (min-hashamayim) – Root: שׁמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “From heaven”; Notes: Specifies the source of the bread.
- וְיָצָ֨א (veyatsa) – Root: יצא (y-ts-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they shall go out”; Notes: Refers to the people’s action.
- הָעָ֤ם (haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The people”; Notes: The subject of the action.
- וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ (velaqtu) – Root: לקט (l-q-ṭ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp with vav consecutive; Translation: “And they shall gather”; Notes: Describes the action of collecting the bread.
- דְּבַר־יֹ֣ום (devar-yom) – Root: דבר (d-b-r) + יום (y-w-m); Form: Construct state; Translation: “A day’s portion”; Notes: Indicates the daily quantity.
- בְּיֹומֹ֔ו (beyomo) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “Each day”; Notes: Emphasizes the regularity of gathering.
- לְמַ֧עַן (lemaʿan) – Root: מען (m-ʿ-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “So that”; Notes: Introduces the purpose clause.
- אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ (anassenu) – Root: נסה (n-s-h); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 1cs + 3ms suffix; Translation: “I may test them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s purpose of testing the people.
- הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ (hayelekh) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Whether he will walk”; Notes: Refers to obedience to YHWH’s commands.
- בְּתֹורָתִ֖י (betorati) – Root: תורה (t-w-r-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + 1cs suffix; Translation: “In My law”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s instructions.
- אִם־לֹֽא׃ (im-lo) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or not”; Notes: Indicates the possibility of disobedience.