Exodus 20:16 (Exodus 20:13)

לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס

You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

Morphology

1. לֹֽא־ (lo-) – Root: N/A; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the action of the verb.
2. תַעֲנֶ֥ה (ta’aneh) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall answer”; Notes: Refers to giving testimony or responding in a legal context.
3. בְרֵעֲךָ֖ (v’reʿakha) – Root: רע (r-ʿ); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Against your neighbor”; Notes: Indicates the object of the false testimony.
4. עֵ֥ד (ʿed) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Witness”; Notes: Specifies the role of the one giving testimony.
5. שָֽׁקֶר׃ (sheqer) – Root: שקר (sh-q-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Falsehood”; Notes: Emphasizes the untruthful nature of the testimony.