וְאִ֡ם שֹׁור֩ נַגָּ֨ח ה֜וּא מִתְּמֹ֣ל שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ם וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ וְהֵמִ֥ית אִ֖ישׁ אֹ֣ו אִשָּׁ֑ה הַשֹּׁור֙ יִסָּקֵ֔ל וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו יוּמָֽת׃
But if the ox was known to gore in the past, and its owner had been warned but did not guard it, and it kills a man or a woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death.
Morphology
- וְאִ֡ם (wəʾim) – Root: אם (ʾ-m); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “But if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- שֹׁור֩ (shor) – Root: שור (sh-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Ox”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
- נַגָּ֨ח (naggach) – Root: נגח (n-g-ḥ); Form: Participle, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Known to gore”; Notes: Describes the ox’s tendency.
- ה֜וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “It”; Notes: Refers back to the ox.
- מִתְּמֹ֣ל (mittemol) – Root: תמול (t-m-l); Form: Preposition + noun; Translation: “From yesterday”; Notes: Indicates a past timeframe.
- שִׁלְשֹׁ֗ם (shilshom) – Root: שלשום (sh-l-sh-m); Form: Noun, temporal; Translation: “Three days ago”; Notes: Extends the timeframe further into the past.
- וְהוּעַ֤ד (wəhuʿad) – Root: יעד (y-ʿ-d); Form: Verb, Hofal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Had been warned”; Notes: Indicates prior knowledge by the owner.
- בִּבְעָלָיו֙ (bivʿalav) – Root: בעל (b-ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “To its owner”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the warning.
- וְלֹ֣א (wəlo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “But not”; Notes: Introduces a contrast.
- יִשְׁמְרֶ֔נּוּ (yishmərennu) – Root: שמר (sh-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Guard it”; Notes: Describes the owner’s failure.
- וְהֵמִ֥ית (wəhemit) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Hifil perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “And it kills”; Notes: Refers to the ox’s lethal action.
- אִ֖ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A man”; Notes: One possible victim.
- אֹ֣ו (ʾo) – Root: או (ʾ-w); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Connects alternatives.
- אִשָּׁ֑ה (ishah) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “A woman”; Notes: Another possible victim.
- הַשֹּׁור֙ (hashor) – Root: שור (sh-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The ox”; Notes: The subject of the judgment.
- יִסָּקֵ֔ל (yissaquel) – Root: סקל (s-q-l); Form: Verb, Nifal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall be stoned”; Notes: Refers to the punishment of the ox.
- וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו (wəgam-bəʿalav) – Root: בעל (b-ʿ-l); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And also its owner”; Notes: Indicates joint liability.
- יוּמָֽת (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Hofal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Shall be put to death”; Notes: The ultimate penalty for negligence.