וְגֵ֥ר לֹא־תֹונֶ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
You shall not oppress or mistreat a sojourner, for you were sojourners in the land of Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- וְגֵ֥ר (ve-ger) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And a sojourner”; Notes: Refers to a foreigner living among the Israelites.
- לֹא־תֹונֶ֖ה (lo-toné) – Root: ינה (y-n-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall not oppress”; Notes: Prohibits exploiting or mistreating a sojourner.
- וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ (ve-lo tilḥatséhu) – Root: לחץ (l-ḥ-ts); Form: Conjunction + Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms + 3ms suffix; Translation: “And you shall not mistreat him”; Notes: Refers to exerting pressure or harassment.
- כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים (ki-gerim) – Root: גור (g-w-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “For sojourners”; Notes: Indicates shared experience as the basis for the command.
- הֱיִיתֶ֖ם (heyitem) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2mp; Translation: “You were”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites’ time in Mitsrayim.
- בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (be-erets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “In the land of”; Notes: Introduces the location Mitsrayim.
- מִצְרָֽיִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt, the place of Israelite oppression.