מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה חָרַשׁ֮ אֶבֶן֒ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חֹתָ֗ם תְּפַתַּח֙ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י הָאֲבָנִ֔ים עַל־שְׁמֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מֻסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֥ות זָהָ֖ב תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם׃
The work of a stone engraver, the engraving of a signet, you shall engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Yisra’el, set in settings of gold you shall make them.
Morphology
- מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה (maʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “The work of”; Notes: Refers to craftsmanship.
- חָרַשׁ֮ (ḥarash) – Root: חרשׁ (ḥ-r-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Engraver”; Notes: Refers to a craftsman skilled in engraving.
- אֶבֶן֒ (even) – Root: אבן (ʾ-b-n); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Stone”; Notes: Indicates the material being worked on.
- פִּתּוּחֵ֣י (pittuḥei) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Engravings of”; Notes: Refers to the act of carving or engraving.
- חֹתָ֗ם (ḥotam) – Root: חתם (ḥ-t-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A signet”; Notes: Refers to an impression or inscription.
- תְּפַתַּח֙ (tefattaḥ) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall engrave”; Notes: Refers to the action of engraving names on the stones.
- אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י (et-shtei) – Root: שנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Direct object marker + Numeral, feminine dual construct; Translation: “The two”; Notes: Refers to the pair of stones.
- הָאֲבָנִ֔ים (ha-avanim) – Root: אבן (ʾ-b-n); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “The stones”; Notes: Refers to the onyx stones for the ephod.
- עַל־שְׁמֹ֖ת (ʿal-shemot) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “With the names of”; Notes: Indicates the content of the engraving.
- בְּנֵ֣י (bene) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Sons of”; Notes: Refers to the descendants of Yisra’el.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (s-r-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the patriarch and his descendants.
- מֻסַבֹּ֛ת (musabot) – Root: סבב (s-b-b); Form: Participle, passive, feminine plural; Translation: “Set in”; Notes: Indicates the stones being surrounded or encased.
- מִשְׁבְּצֹ֥ות (mishbetsot) – Root: שׁבץ (sh-b-ts); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “Settings of”; Notes: Refers to gold settings for the stones.
- זָהָ֖ב (zahav) – Root: זהב (z-h-v); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Gold”; Notes: Indicates the material of the settings.
- תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה (taʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall make”; Notes: Refers to creating the gold settings.
- אֹתָֽם (otam) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “Them”; Notes: Refers to the two engraved stones.