כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הֹ֖וי עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הַנְּבָלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹלְכִ֛ים אַחַ֥ר רוּחָ֖ם וּלְבִלְתִּ֥י רָאֽוּ׃
‘Thus says my Lord YHWH: “Woe to the foolish prophets who walk after their own spirit and have seen nothing!
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) — Root: Particle; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a divine declaration.
- אָמַר (ʾāmar) — Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonāy) — Root: אדן; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix (used as divine title); Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of reverence for God.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) — Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- הֹוי (hōy) — Root: Interjection; Form: Exclamatory particle; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: Expresses lamentation or denunciation.
- עַל (ʿal) — Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon / against”; Notes: Marks the target of judgment.
- הַנְּבִיאִים (hannəvīʾīm) — Root: נבא; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the prophets”; Notes: Refers to those claiming prophetic authority.
- הַנְּבָלִים (hannəvālīm) — Root: נבל; Form: Adjective masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “foolish”; Notes: Indicates moral and spiritual folly.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) — Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- הֹלְכִים (hōləkhīm) — Root: הלך; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “walking”; Notes: Continuous action, describing their conduct.
- אַחַר (ʾaḥar) — Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Indicates following after or being led by.
- רוּחָם (ruḥām) — Root: רוח; Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their own spirit”; Notes: Refers to inner impulse rather than divine inspiration.
- וּלְבִלְתִּי (u-ləvilti) — Root: בל; Form: Conjunction + negative particle with infinitive marker; Translation: “and not to / and so as not to”; Notes: Denotes negation of action.
- רָאוּ (rāʾū) — Root: ראה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have seen”; Notes: Indicates failure to receive genuine vision.