לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֵץ־הַגֶּ֨פֶן֙ בְּעֵ֣ץ הַיַּ֔עַר אֲשֶׁר־נְתַתִּ֥יו לָאֵ֖שׁ לְאָכְלָ֑ה כֵּ֣ן נָתַ֔תִּי אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
Therefore thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘As the wood of the vine is among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for consumption, so I have given the inhabitants of Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (laken) – Root: —; Form: Adverb/conjunction; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces the divine pronouncement with logical consequence.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: A prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: The standard verb of divine declaration.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix in form, used as proper title; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: A title of reverence for YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (kaʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “as/just as”; Notes: Introduces a simile or comparison.
- עֵץ־הַגֶּפֶן (ʿets-ha-gefen) – Root: עץ / גפן; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the wood of the vine”; Notes: Specifies the subject of the comparison.
- בְּעֵץ (be-ʿets) – Root: עץ; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “among the wood / in the wood”; Notes: Locative preposition indicating placement among other trees.
- הַיַּעַר (ha-yaʿar) – Root: יער; Form: Noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “the forest”; Notes: Completes the location phrase “among the trees of the forest.”
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause modifying the vine wood.
- נְתַתִּיו (netattiv) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I have given it”; Notes: YHWH as subject, the vine wood as object.
- לָאֵשׁ (la-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Preposition ל + noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “to the fire”; Notes: Purpose: consignment to fire.
- לְאָכְלָה (leʾokhlah) – Root: אכל; Form: Preposition ל + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for consumption”; Notes: Explains the function of being given to fire.
- כֵּן (ken) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “so/thus”; Notes: Mirrors the simile, marking the application.
- נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have given”; Notes: Repetition of the verb for emphasis.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslated]; Notes: Marks the following phrase as the direct object.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Construct form introducing “Yerushalayim.”
- יְרוּשָׁלִָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The capital city, representing the people to be judged.