הַשְׁלִ֣יכוּ מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פְּשַׁעְתֶּ֣ם בָּ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם לֵ֥ב חָדָ֖שׁ וְר֣וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלָ֥מָּה תָמֻ֖תוּ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Cast away from upon you all your transgressions that you have transgressed in them, and make for yourselves a new heart and a new spirit, and why will you die, house of Yisraʾel?
Morphology
- הַשְׁלִיכוּ (hashlikhu) – Root: שלך (shalakh); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Cast away”; Notes: Strong command to remove or throw away sins.
- מֵעֲלֵיכֶם (me-ʿalekhem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן + עַל with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from upon you”; Notes: Emphasizes removal from themselves.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: (untranslated); Notes: Marks the definite object that follows.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Indicates the totality of their sins.
- פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם (pishʿekhem) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your transgressions”; Notes: Refers to willful acts of rebellion.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- פְּשַׁעְתֶּם (peshaʿtem) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you have transgressed”; Notes: Past action of rebellion by the people.
- בָּם (bam) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition בְּ + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in them”; Notes: Refers back to the transgressions.
- וַעֲשׂוּ (va-ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with vav; Translation: “and make”; Notes: Parallel command to casting away sins.
- לָכֶם (lakhem) – Root: כם (khem); Form: Preposition לְ + second person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for yourselves”; Notes: The responsibility lies with them.
- לֵב (lev) – Root: לב (lev); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “heart”; Notes: Refers to the inner self, will, and desires.
- חָדָשׁ (ḥadash) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥadash); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “new”; Notes: A transformed, renewed condition.
- וְרוּחַ (ve-ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and a spirit”; Notes: Refers to inner disposition or life-force.
- חֲדָשָׁה (ḥadashah) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥadash); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “new”; Notes: Matches the gender of “spirit” (רוּחַ).
- וְלָמָּה (ve-lamah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Conjunction + interrogative adverb; Translation: “and why”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question of reason.
- תָמֻתוּ (tamutu) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “will you die”; Notes: Refers to impending judgment if they refuse repentance.
- בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Refers collectively to the people of Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Designation of the covenant people.