לָכֵן֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּדְרָכָ֜יו אֶשְׁפֹּ֤ט אֶתְכֶם֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה שׁ֤וּבוּ וְהָשִׁ֨יבוּ֙ מִכָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם לְמִכְשֹׁ֖ול עָוֹֽן׃
Therefore, each man according to his ways I will judge you, house of Yisraʾel,” declares the Lord YHWH. “Repent and turn back from all your transgressions, and it shall not be for you as a stumbling of iniquity.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb/conjunction; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a logical conclusion or judgment.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to each individual person.
- כִּדְרָכָיו (kidrakhav) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “according to his ways”; Notes: Indicates judgment based on personal conduct.
- אֶשְׁפֹּט (ʾeshpot) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will judge”; Notes: YHWH’s pronouncement of justice.
- אֶתְכֶם (ʾetkhem) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Marks Yisraʾel as the object of judgment.
- בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Construct with Yisraʾel, denoting the people as a corporate whole.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant nation.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “declaration”; Notes: A prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Divine title, plural of majesty; Translation: “the Lord”; Notes: Title for God distinct from YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of Israel’s God.
- שׁוּבוּ (shuvu) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Return”; Notes: Call to repentance, addressed to the people.
- וְהָשִׁיבוּ (ve-hashivu) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine plural with vav; Translation: “and turn back”; Notes: Causative nuance—actively turning away from sin.
- מִכָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם (mi-kol-pishʿekhem) – Root: פשע (peshaʿ); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from all your transgressions”; Notes: Indicates the totality of sin to be abandoned.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following clause.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Refers to what results from repentance.
- לָכֶם (lakhem) – Root: כם (khem); Form: Preposition לְ + second person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Directly addresses Yisraʾel as the recipient.
- לְמִכְשֹׁול (le-mikshol) – Root: כשׁל (kashal); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “as a stumbling”; Notes: Metaphor for a spiritual obstacle or cause of falling.
- עָוֹן (ʿavon) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “iniquity”; Notes: Refers to guilt or sinful wrongdoing.