Psalm 10:10

וִדְכֶּ֥ה יָשֹׁ֑חַ וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֝עֲצוּמָ֗יו חֵ֣לכָּאִֽים׃

כ ודכה *
ק יִדְכֶּ֥ה *
כ חלכאים *
ק חֵ֣ל כָּאִֽים *

He crushes he bows down and the helpless fall by his mighty ones.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 יִדְכֶּה yidkeh “he crushes” Piel imperfect 3ms
2 יָשֹׁחַ yashoach “he bows down” Qal imperfect 3ms
3 וְנָפַל ve-nafal “and falls” Conj וְ + Qal perfect 3ms
4 בַּעֲצוּמָיו ba-ʿatsumav “by his mighty ones” Prep בְּ + N(mp) + suff 3ms
5 חֵל ḥel “the helpless” N(ms)
6 כָּאִים kaʾim “afflicted ones” Adj(mp)

 

Morphology

  1. יִדְכֶּה (yidkeh) – Root: דכא (d-k-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph (weak); Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he crushes”; Notes: The intensive Piel form emphasizes violent oppression inflicted by the wicked.
  2. יָשֹׁחַ (yashoach) – Root: שׁחח (š-ḥ-ḥ); Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he bows down”; Notes: Depicts the crouching or lowering posture associated with predatory attack.
  3. וְנָפַל (ve-nafal) – Root: נפל (n-p-l); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וְ + perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and falls”; Notes: Indicates the resulting collapse of the victims under oppression.
  4. בַּעֲצוּמָיו (ba-ʿatsumav) – Root: עצם (ʿ-ṣ-m); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “by his mighty ones”; Notes: Refers to the strong forces or powerful means employed by the oppressor.
  5. חֵל (ḥel) – Root: חיל (ḥ-y-l); Root Type: Hollow; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “the helpless”; Notes: Describes those lacking strength or protection.
  6. כָּאִים (kaʾim) – Root: כא (k-ʾ); Root Type: II-Aleph (weak); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “afflicted ones”; Notes: Characterizes the oppressed victims who suffer under the wicked.

 

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