כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן עֲשֹׂ֥ות פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בִּנְקָמָ֑ה וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ נָקָם֙ בִּשְׁאָ֣ט בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ לְמַשְׁחִ֖ית אֵיבַ֥ת עֹולָֽם׃
Thus says the Lord YHWH: “Because the Pelishtim acted by vengeance, and they took vengeance with contempt in soul, to destroy with everlasting enmity.”
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: particle; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces divine speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Formulaic introduction of prophecy.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, “Lord”; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A divine title paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: tetragrammaton; Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of Israel’s God.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: particle; Form: Causal particle; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces reason for judgment.
- עֲשׂוֹת (ʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “doing”; Notes: Dependent infinitive expressing action of the Pelishtim.
- פְּלִשְׁתִּים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines, traditional enemies of Yisraʾel.
- בִּנְקָמָה (bi-naqamah) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with vengeance”; Notes: Describes their motive.
- וַיִּנָּקְמוּ (va-yinnaqemu) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Niphal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they took vengeance”; Notes: Niphal is reflexive/passive but here idiomatic for acting in vengeance.
- נָקָם (naqam) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “vengeance”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis of their motive.
- בִּשְׁאָט (bi-shaʾat) – Root: שׁאט (shaʾat); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with contempt”; Notes: Indicates arrogance and disdain.
- בְּנֶפֶשׁ (be-nefesh) – Root: נפש (nefesh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in soul”; Notes: Refers to their inner disposition or whole being.
- לְמַשְׁחִית (le-mashḥit) – Root: שׁחת (shaḥat); Form: Preposition לְ + Hiphil infinitive construct; Translation: “to destroy”; Notes: Expresses purpose.
- אֵיבַת (ʾevat) – Root: איבה (ʾevah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “enmity of”; Notes: Construct relation with “everlasting.”
- עֹולָם (ʿolam) – Root: עולם (ʿolam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: Indicates perpetuity, describing the depth of hostility.