וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶת־נִקְמָתִ֜י בֶּאֱדֹ֗ום בְּיַד֙ עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעָשׂ֣וּ בֶאֱדֹ֔ום כְּאַפִּ֖י וְכַחֲמָתִ֑י וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־נִקְמָתִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ פ
And I will put my vengeance in Edom in the hand of my people Yisraʾel, and they shall do in Edom according to my anger and according to my wrath, and they shall know my vengeance,” declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “And I will put”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s decisive action of appointing or placing vengeance.
- אֶת־נִקְמָתִי (ʾet-niqmati) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix, preceded by direct object marker אֶת; Translation: “my vengeance”; Notes: Emphasizes personal vengeance belonging to YHWH.
- בֶּאֱדֹום (be-ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾEdom); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Edom, enemy of Yisraʾel.
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the hand”; Notes: Idiom for agency or instrument.
- עַמִּי (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as belonging to YHWH.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant people who will enact YHWH’s vengeance.
- וְעָשׂוּ (ve-ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and they shall do”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel’s carrying out the vengeance.
- בֶאֱדֹום (ve-ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾEdom); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in Edom”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis of target of judgment.
- כְּאַפִּי (ke-ʾappi) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “according to my anger”; Notes: Anger here denotes divine wrath.
- וְכַחֲמָתִי (ve-kaḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥamah); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and according to my wrath”; Notes: Heightens intensity of divine anger.
- וְיָדְעוּ (ve-yadʿu) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “and they shall know”; Notes: Recognition formula highlighting divine vindication.
- אֶת־נִקְמָתִי (ʾet-niqmati) – Root: נקם (naqam); Form: Noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix, preceded by direct object marker; Translation: “my vengeance”; Notes: Repetition stresses YHWH’s ownership of vengeance.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “declaration”; Notes: Formulaic term introducing or affirming divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun with 1st person singular possessive sense; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Here paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: tetragrammaton; Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.