לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְנָטִ֤תִי יָדִי֙ עַל־אֱדֹ֔ום וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה אָדָ֣ם וּבְהֵמָ֑ה וּנְתַתִּ֤יהָ חָרְבָּה֙ מִתֵּימָ֔ן וּדְדָ֖נֶה בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃
Therefore thus says the Lord YHWH: “I will stretch out my hand against Edom and I will cut off from it man and beast, and I will make it a desolation from Teman, and Dedan shall fall by the sword.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: particle; Form: Adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces divine judgment reasoning.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: particle; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Prophetic messenger formula.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Formula of divine proclamation.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, proper with suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- וְנָטִתִי (ve-natiti) – Root: נטה (natah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will stretch out”; Notes: Anthropomorphic imagery of divine action.
- יָדִי (yadi) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my hand”; Notes: Symbol of power and authority.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: particle; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against/upon”; Notes: Indicates direction of divine action.
- אֱדֹום (ʾEdom) – Root: אדום (ʾEdom); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Nation south of Judah, often hostile.
- וְהִכְרַתִּי (ve-hikratti) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will cut off”; Notes: Used for extermination or judgment.
- מִמֶּנָּה (mi-mmenah) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition מִן + third person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from it”; Notes: Refers back to Edom.
- אָדָם (adam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to humanity.
- וּבְהֵמָה (u-vehēmah) – Root: בהמה (behemah); Form: Conjunction ו + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and beast”; Notes: Domestic animals, symbolizing complete desolation.
- וּנְתַתִּיהָ (u-netattihah) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with suffix 3fs; Translation: “and I will make it”; Notes: Denotes assignment or transformation.
- חָרְבָּה (ḥorbah) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: Typical prophetic term of judgment.
- מִתֵּימָן (mi-Teman) – Root: תימן (Teman); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Teman”; Notes: Southern region of Edom, famous for wisdom.
- וּדְדָנֶה (u-dedaneh) – Root: דדן (Dedan); Form: Conjunction ו + proper noun masculine plural (gentilic); Translation: “and Dedan”; Notes: Arabian tribe associated with trade routes.
- בַּחֶרֶב (ba-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Preposition ב + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Instrument of judgment.
- יִפֹּלוּ (yippolu) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall fall”; Notes: Refers to Dedanites and Edom under divine judgment.