וְחָגְר֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים וְכִסְּתָ֥ה אֹותָ֖ם פַּלָּצ֑וּת וְאֶ֤ל כָּל־פָּנִים֙ בּוּשָׁ֔ה וּבְכָל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם קָרְחָֽה׃
And they shall gird sackcloth, and terror shall cover them; and upon all faces shall be shame, and upon all their heads baldness.
Morphology
- וְחָגְרוּ (ve-ḥagru) – Root: חגר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and they shall gird”; Notes: Action of donning garments of mourning or distress.
- שַׂקִּים (saqqim) – Root: שׂק; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “sackcloth”; Notes: A coarse cloth worn in mourning or repentance.
- וְכִסְּתָה (ve-kissetah) – Root: כסה; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and it shall cover”; Notes: Subject is “terror,” personified as enveloping the people.
- אֹותָם (otam) – Root: אות; Form: Direct object pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people under judgment.
- פַּלָּצוּת (pallatsut) – Root: פלץ; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “terror”; Notes: A rare word indicating intense dread or horror.
- וְאֶל (ve-el) – Root: אל; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Introduces the next object of affliction.
- כָּל־פָּנִים (kol-panim) – Root: פנים; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “all faces”; Notes: Refers to universal experience of shame.
- בּוּשָׁה (bushah) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “shame”; Notes: Emotional state of disgrace and humiliation.
- וּבְכָל־ (u-ve-kol) – Root: כל; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and upon all”; Notes: Parallel with the previous clause, introducing another manifestation of mourning.
- רָאשֵׁיהֶם (rosheihem) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their heads”; Notes: Denotes physical sign of mourning.
- קָרְחָה (qarḥah) – Root: קרח; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “baldness”; Notes: Refers to shaving the head as a visible sign of grief or humiliation.