כַּסְפָּ֞ם בַּחוּצֹ֣ות יַשְׁלִ֗יכוּ וּזְהָבָם֮ לְנִדָּ֣ה יִֽהְיֶה֒ כַּסְפָּ֨ם וּזְהָבָ֜ם לֹֽא־יוּכַ֣ל לְהַצִּילָ֗ם בְּיֹום֙ עֶבְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נַפְשָׁם֙ לֹ֣א יְשַׂבֵּ֔עוּ וּמֵעֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־מִכְשֹׁ֥ול עֲוֹנָ֖ם הָיָֽה׃
Their silver they shall cast into the streets, and their gold shall be for an unclean thing; their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of YHWH; their soul they shall not satisfy, and their belly they shall not fill, for it has been the stumbling block of their iniquity.
Morphology
- כַּסְפָּם (kasfam) – Root: כסף; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their silver”; Notes: Possession of wealth.
- בַּחוּצֹות (ba-ḥutsot) – Root: חוץ; Form: Preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural; Translation: “into the streets”; Notes: Public spaces, symbol of rejection.
- יַשְׁלִיכוּ (yashlikhu) – Root: שלך; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall cast”; Notes: Deliberate disposal of valuables.
- וּזְהָבָם (u-zehavam) – Root: זהב; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their gold”; Notes: Parallel with silver, possessions of wealth.
- לְנִדָּה (le-niddah) – Root: נדד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “for an unclean thing”; Notes: That which is detestable, ritually impure.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Declares their gold’s redefined state.
- כַּסְפָּם (kasfam) – Root: כסף; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix (repetition); Translation: “their silver”; Notes: Parallelism strengthens emphasis.
- וּזְהָבָם (u-zehavam) – Root: זהב; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their gold”; Notes: Emphasizes futility of wealth.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Strong negation.
- יוּכַל (yukhal) – Root: יכל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be able”; Notes: Expresses inability.
- לְהַצִּילָם (le-hatsilam) – Root: נצל; Form: Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to deliver them”; Notes: Salvation is impossible through wealth.
- בְּיֹום (be-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Temporal marker.
- עֶבְרַת (evrat) – Root: עבר; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the wrath of”; Notes: Refers to divine fury.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- נַפְשָׁם (nafsham) – Root: נפשׁ; Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their soul”; Notes: Refers to life force or appetite.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb.
- יְשַׂבֵּעוּ (yesabbeʿu) – Root: שׂבע; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall satisfy”; Notes: Their appetite cannot be sated by wealth.
- וּמֵעֵיהֶם (u-meʿeihem) – Root: מעי; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their belly”; Notes: Figurative of inner desires.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not.”
- יְמַלֵּאוּ (yemalleʾu) – Root: מלא; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall fill”; Notes: Wealth cannot fill their emptiness.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason clause.
- מִכְשֹׁול (mikshol) – Root: כשׁל; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a stumbling block”; Notes: Figurative of downfall.
- עֲוֹנָם (ʿavonam) – Root: עון; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their iniquity”; Notes: Wealth became their sin and cause of downfall.
- הָיָה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Summarizes: wealth = stumbling block of sin.