Psalm 18:45 (Psalm 18:44)

לְשֵׁ֣מַע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י בְּנֵֽי־֝נֵכָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִֽי׃

At the hearing of the ear they listen to me; sons of a foreigner submit to me.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 לְשֵׁמַע le-shemaʿ “at the hearing of” Prep לְ + N(ms)
2 אֹזֶן ʾozen “ear” N(fs)
3 יִשָּׁמְעוּ yishameʿu “they listen” Nifal imperfect 3mp
4 לִי li “to me” Prep לְ + suff 1cs
5 בְּנֵי bene “sons of” N(mp construct)
6 נֵכָר nekar “foreigner” N(ms)
7 יְכַחֲשׁוּ yekhaḥashu “they submit / feign obedience” Piel imperfect 3mp
8 לִי li “to me” Prep לְ + suff 1cs

 

Morphology

  1. לְשֵׁמַע (le-shemaʿ) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (ע); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “at the hearing of”; Notes: Expresses the moment when hearing occurs, meaning immediately upon hearing.
  2. אֹזֶן (ʾozen) – Root: אזן (ʾazan); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “ear”; Notes: Functions idiomatically with the previous word to form the phrase “at the hearing of the ear.”
  3. יִשָּׁמְעוּ (yishameʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (ע); Binyan: Nifal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they listen”; Notes: The Nifal stem here conveys responsive obedience, suggesting submission when the command is heard.
  4. לִי (li) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates the person receiving the obedience.
  5. בְּנֵי (bene) – Root: בן (ben); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine plural construct (state: construct); Translation: “sons of”; Notes: Introduces the following noun as the possessor in a construct chain.
  6. נֵכָר (nekar) – Root: נכר (nakhar); Root Type: I-Nun; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “foreigner”; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples outside the covenant community.
  7. יְכַחֲשׁוּ (yekhaḥashu) – Root: כחשׁ (kaḥash); Root Type: II-Guttural (ח); Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they submit, they feign obedience”; Notes: In this context the verb expresses compelled submission or reluctant acknowledgment of authority.
  8. לִי (li) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Repeats the dative reference emphasizing the ruler receiving the submission.

 

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