ויהי כהוציאם אתם החוצה ויאמר המלט על נפשך אל תביט אחריך ואל תעמד בכל הככר ההרה המלט פן תספה׃
Gen 19:17 [Samaritan]
ויהי כהוציאם אתם החוצה ויאמר המלט על נפשך אל תביט אחריך ואל תעמד בכל הככר ההרה המלט פן תספה׃
Gen 19:17 [Masoretic]
וַיְהִי כְהֹוצִיאָם אֹתָם הַחוּצָה וַיֹּאמֶר הִמָּלֵט עַל־נַפְשֶׁךָ אַל־תַּבִּיט אַחֲרֶיךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּר הָהָרָה הִמָּלֵט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃
Gen 19:17 [Targum Onkelos]
וַהֲוָה כַּד אַפֵּיק יַתְהוֹן לְבָרָא וְאָמַר חוּס עַל נַפְשָׁךְ לָא תִסְתַּכִי לַאֲחוֹרָךְ וְלָא תְקוּם בְּכָל מֵישְׁרָא לְטוּרָא אִשְׁתֵּיזַב דִּילְמָא תִלְקֵי׃
Gen 19:17 [Peshitta]
ܘܟܕ ܐܦܩܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܒܪ ܐܡܪ̈ܝܢ ܠܗ ܦܿܠܛ ܢܦܫܟ ܠܐ ܬܬܦܢܼܐ ܠܒܣܬܪܟ܂ ܘܠܐ ܬܩܘܡ ܒܟܠܗܿ ܦܩܥܬܐ܂ ܠܛܘܪܐ ܐܬܿܦܠܛ ܕܠܐ ܬܐܒܕ܂
וַיְהִי֩ כְהֹוצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃
And it came to pass, when they had brought them outside, that he said, “Escape for your life! Do not look behind you, nor stand anywhere in the plain. Escape to the mountain, lest you be swept away.”
Morphology
- וַיְהִי֩ (vayehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and it came to pass”; Notes: Marks the continuation of the narrative.
- כְהֹוצִיאָ֨ם (k’hozi’am) – Root: יצא (y-tz-ʾ); Form: Verb, Hifil, Infinitive construct with 3mp suffix and prefix; Translation: “when they had brought them out”; Notes: Refers to the action of the angels leading Lot and his family outside.
- אֹתָ֜ם (otam) – Root: את (‘t); Form: Definite direct object marker with 3mp suffix; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to Lot and his family.
- הַח֗וּצָה (hachutzah) – Root: חוץ (ḥ-w-ts); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article and directional suffix; Translation: “outside”; Notes: Indicates the location to which they were brought.
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ (vayyo’mer) – Root: אמר (‘mr); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduces the command of the angel.
- הִמָּלֵ֣ט (himmalet) – Root: מלט (m-l-ṭ); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “escape”; Notes: Urgent command for self-preservation.
- עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ (‘al-nafshekha) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular construct and 2ms suffix; Translation: “for your life”; Notes: Emphasizes the need to save oneself.
- אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט (‘al-tabbit) – Root: נבט (n-b-ṭ); Form: Verb, Hifil, Imperfect, 2ms with negative particle; Translation: “do not look”; Notes: Prohibition against turning back.
- אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ (‘akhareikha) – Root: אחר (‘-ḥ-r); Form: Adverb with 2ms suffix; Translation: “behind you”; Notes: Refers to not looking back at the city.
- וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד (ve’al-ta’amod) – Root: עמד (‘-m-d); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms with negative particle; Translation: “nor stand”; Notes: Prohibition against lingering in the area.
- בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר (bekhol-hakkikkar) – Root: ככר (k-k-r); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “anywhere in the plain”; Notes: Refers to the surrounding area of Sodom.
- הָהָ֥רָה (haharah) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article and directional suffix; Translation: “to the mountain”; Notes: Specifies the destination for safety.
- הִמָּלֵ֖ט (himmalet) – Root: מלט (m-l-ṭ); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “escape”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה (pen-tissafeh) – Root: ספה (s-p-h); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 2ms with conditional particle; Translation: “lest you be swept away”; Notes: Warning of the consequence of disobedience.