חֲדַ֣ד וְתֵימָ֔א יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵֽדְמָה׃
Hadad, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
Morphology
חֲדַ֣ד (ḥăḏaḏ)
- Root: חדד (ḥdd)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “Hadad”
וְתֵימָ֔א (wəṯêmāʾ)
- Root: תימא (tmʾ)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “and Tema”
יְט֥וּר (yəṭûr)
- Root: יטור (yṭr)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “Jetur”
נָפִ֖ישׁ (nāp̄îš)
- Root: נפיש (npš)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “Naphish”
וָקֵֽדְמָה (wāqēḏəmāh)
- Root: קדם (qdm)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “and Kedemah”
Syntax Analysis
The verse continues the list of the sons of Ishmael, using the conjunction וְ (“and”) to link the names in a series. Each name functions as a subject within the genealogical record.
Grammatical Analysis
The verse lists five proper nouns in their singular forms, each serving as an individual entry in the genealogy of Ishmael.
Lexical Semantics and Word Study
- חדד (ḥdd): A name that may imply sharpness or intensity.
- תימא (tmʾ): Possibly related to the word for “south” or “desert,” reflecting the region associated with the name.
- יטור (yṭr): A name that could be associated with surveillance or protection.
- נפיש (npš): The name may relate to “breath” or “life,” indicating vitality or existence.
- קדם (qdm): Often means “east” or “ancient,” which could signify a direction or ancestral heritage.
Textual Criticism
No significant textual variations are noted among major sources such as the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Samaritan Targum, the Peshitta, the Vulgate, or the Old Latin versions. The transmission history of this verse shows uniformity across these texts.