וּמִשְׁמָ֥ע וְדוּמָ֖ה וּמַשָּֽׂא׃
And Mishma, and Duma, and Massa.
Morphology
- וּמִשְׁמָ֥ע (u-Mishma) – Root: שמע (sh-m-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + proper noun, ms; Translation: “And Mishma”; Notes: A son of Yishma’el; his name relates to the root for “hearing.” This verse continues the genealogical listing of Yishma’el’s sons, emphasizing their names and possible meanings. The names in this verse carry thematic significance, reflecting concepts such as “hearing,” “silence,” and “bearing.” These names are tied to both familial identity and broader cultural significance.
- וְדוּמָ֖ה (v’Dumah) – Root: דום (d-w-m); Form: Conjunction + proper noun, ms; Translation: “And Dumah”; Notes: A son of Yishma’el; the name can signify “silence” or “stillness.”
- וּמַשָּֽׂא (u-Massa) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + proper noun, ms; Translation: “And Massa”; Notes: A son of Yishma’el; the name might imply “bearing” or “carrying.”
Morphological Analysis
וּמִשְׁמָ֥ע (ûmišmāʿ)
- Root: משמע (mšmʿ)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “And Mishma”
וְדוּמָ֖ה (wədûmāh)
- Root: דומה (dwmh)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “and Dumah”
וּמַשָּֽׂא (ûmaśśāʾ)
- Root: משא (mśʾ)
- Form: Proper noun, masculine singular
- Translation: “and Massa”
Syntax Analysis
The verse lists three sons of Ishmael, using the conjunction וְ (“and”) to coordinate the names in a series. Each name functions as a subject in the context of the genealogical record.
Grammatical Analysis
The verse presents a straightforward list of proper nouns in their singular forms, connected by conjunctions to indicate a continuous enumeration of individuals.
Lexical Semantics and Word Study
- משמע (mšmʿ): A name meaning “hearing” or “announcement,” potentially reflecting a characteristic or hope associated with the child.
- דומה (dwmh): A name meaning “silence” or “stillness,” possibly indicative of a trait or circumstance linked to the individual.
- משא (mśʾ): A name that may mean “burden” or “oracle,” suggesting a role or prophecy associated with the individual.
Textual Criticism
No significant textual variations are noted among major sources such as the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Samaritan Targum, the Peshitta, the Vulgate, or the Old Latin versions. The uniformity underscores the stability and consistency of this verse within the transmission history.